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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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XXY
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male; 47 chromosomes; Klinefelter's
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XO
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45 chromosomes; female; Turner's syndrome
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XYY
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Supermale; 47 chromosomes; testosterone/aggression?
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XXX
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Superfemale; 47 chromosomes
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XXO
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Barr Body (Inactive X)
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amniocentesis
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tissue culture
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Down Syndrome
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Added chromosome on 21st pair of chromosomes
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chromosome
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structures in the cell nucleus composed of DNA and protein, bearing genes; every species has a particular number
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gene
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the part of the DNA molecule which holds a unit of genetic information
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allele
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genes contrasting of different expressions that control the same trait
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homologous chromosomes
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identical chromosomes (in shapes), genetically similar chromosomes in a cell, one from each parent
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Law of Segregation
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The separation of alleles into different gametes; the "coming apart"of different allelic groups and genes into different cells during meiosis
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Law of Independent Assortment
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the way one pair of alleles segregates has no effect on how another pair of genes segregates
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PKU (phenylketonuria)
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missing enzyme so that amino acid phenylalanine isn't broken down; autosomal recessive
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Tay-Sachs
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missing enzyme causes the accumulation of a lipid in the lysosomes of brain cells; autosomal recessive
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Cystic Fibrosis
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an abnormal protein doesn't allow the transport of chloride ions into the cell; autosomal recessive
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Sickle cell anemia
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causes abnormal hemoglobin which alters the shape of a red blood cell; autosomal recessive; codominant disorder
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Huntington's Disease
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mutation is due to a repeated triplet (CAG); autosomal dominant
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Color blindness
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x-linked recessive;due to a faulty color-receptor cone in the eye
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Hemophilia
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the lack of a clotting factor, factor VIII, causes severe bleeding; X-linked recessive
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polyploidy
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condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
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nondisjunction
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error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
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mutation
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inheritable alteration in gene material
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translocation
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transfer of a chromosome segment to a non homologous chromosome
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linkage
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shown by genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together
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recombinant DNA
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DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
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gene pool/frequency
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the larger the gene pool, the less frequent a specific disorder will occur
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inversion
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a chromosome mutation in which the order of the genes on a chromosome is changed
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synapsis
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when crossing over of chromosomes occurs
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incomplete dominance
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a cross between two organisms showing contrasting forms of a trait that produces offspring showing a trait intermediate between the two parental types
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