Bio Final Quiz

Front 1

Dispersal

Back 1

movement of individuals away from centers of high population

Front 2

natural range distribution

Back 2

organisms reaching an area on their own in which they did not previously exist

Front 3

species transplant

Back 3

intentional/accidental release of spp into areas where they were previously absent
1. spp must survive and reproduce
2. usually determined to native spp

Front 4

Characteristics of marine biomes

Back 4

1. Marine biomes = 3% salt content
2. Oceans= 75% of earths surface
3. impact global climate, including carbon cycles

Front 5

Stratification of marine biomes

Back 5

A-I

Front 6

Characteristics of freshwater biomes

Back 6

1. Freshwater biomes= 0.1% salt content
2. 3% of earth's water is freshwater
3. impacted by speed flow (moving or still)
4. Impacts terrestrial biomes

Front 7

Stratification of freshwater biomes

Back 7

A-E

Front 8

Characteristics of Terrestrial biomes

Back 8

1. Determined by climate, altitude and latitude
2. Usually named for climate features or predominant living organisms (usually plants)
3. affected by weather patterns (in/consistent)
4. affected by annual mean precipitation
5. Affected by annual mean temp

Front 9

Stratification of Terrestrial biomes

Back 9

A-E

Front 10

Clumped dispersion

Back 10

individuals aggregate in group due to nutrients (fungi) or social behavior (wolves)

Front 11

Uniform dispersal

Back 11

evenly spaced pattern of dispersal due to individual interactions (nesting birds)

Front 12

Random dispersion

Back 12

Position of each individual is independent of others- no strong attractions or repulsions (dandelions); least common pattern

Front 13

Intraspecific competition

Back 13

competition for resources btwn individuals of the same spp when resources are in short supply; tends to decrease pop
ex: darwins finches

Front 14

territoriality

Back 14

behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of the same spp; tends to limit pop
ex: predators (tigers and scent markings)

Front 15

Health

Back 15

an increase in population density results in inc in disease incidence
ex: flu in hum

Front 16

Predation

Back 16

As prey population fluctuates predator predator population fluctuates as well
ex: snow shoe hare and lynx

Front 17

Toxicity

Back 17

An increase in population density results in an increase in toxic metabolic waste
ex: yeast

Front 18

Intrinsic factors

Back 18

An increase in population density result in aggressive behaviors, inc stress while decrease the population
ex: rodents

Front 19

competition exclusive principle

Back 19

when two spp compete for the same limiting resource, one spp will use the resource more efficiently causing the local elimination of the other
1. one spp can either move out, die out , or adapt
2. mechanism for nat selection

Front 20

parasitism

Back 20

interaction between two spp in which one spp (parasite-usually smaller) derives nourishment while the other spp (host-usually larger) is harmed.
ex: head lice

Front 21

Mutualism

Back 21

interaction between two spp in which both benefits
1. coevolution usually occurs between mutualistic spp
a. methanogens in herbivores
b. N-fixing bacteria in legums
c. lichens

Front 22

commensalism

Back 22

interaction between two spp in which one spp benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitted
1. ex: sharks and remoras
2. ex: herbivores and cattle egrets

Front 23

Megafauna hypothesis

Back 23

the size of the carnivore places an upper limit on the size of food it can eat
1. large carnivores cannot live on small prey due to their inability to acquire enough prey fast enough to meet their metabolic rate ( the size of the food has to fit the size of the predator

Front 24

Zoonotic disease

Back 24

Any infectous disease capable of being transmitted by vertebrate animals (wild/domestic) to humans

a. Involve bacteria, parasite, viruses

b. over 200 known diseases

c. Known for centuries

Front 25

Primary Production

Back 25

Gross primary production: Total amount of light energy converted into chemical energy by producers during a given amount of time.

a) examples: Algae, green plants

Front 26

Secondary Production

Back 26

Amount of chemical energy converted into biomass by heterophs during a given amount of time.

Example; Herbivors

Front 27

Green World Hypothesis

Back 27

Predators hold terrestrial herbivors in check, preventing them from consuming excessive amounts of plant biomass (carnivores, parsates, diseases)

a. Predators (carnivors, parasites, disease, etc)


b. Herbivores consumes less than that 17 % of plant biomass.

Front 28

Bioaccumulation

Back 28

Increasing concentrations of potentially toxic substances in living organisms; wasily igested, but not biodegradable.

Front 29

Biomagnification:

Back 29

INCREASING CONCENTRATION OF POTENTIALLY TOIC SUBSTANCES IN FOOD CHAINS; EXPONENTIALLY INCREASING AT EACH LEVEL