Bio Final- Chapter 1

Front 1

Biology

Back 1

The study of living organisms/the study of life

Front 2

What is science?

Back 2

a way of knowing, asking questions, and getting answers of the natural world. a collection of facts about the natural world.

Front 3

What is the ultimate goal of studying science?

Back 3

Knowing about living things

Front 4

Three reasons for studying science

Back 4

skills/logic
career opportunities
reach an appreciation of the natural world

Front 5

Organism

Back 5

a living thing

Front 6

seven characteristics of living things

Back 6

made up of 1 or more cells
respond to stimuli
show homeostasis(tendency to maintain an internal steady environment
acquire and use energy and materials
grow
reproduce
are products of evolution

Front 7

four major themes in biology

Back 7

the evolution theory
laws of chemistry and physics
the cell theory
the DNA theory

Front 8

three assumptions or principals underlying scientific inquiry

Back 8

living
non-living but once part of a living thing
non-living never part of a living thing

Front 9

scientific method

Back 9

a technique that scientists use to ask questions and get answers

Front 10

steps in the scientific method

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observations
hypothesis
experiment
conclusion
report

Front 11

hypothesis

Back 11

a tentative explanation, a working idea, that explains the observation

Front 12

theory

Back 12

well supported hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and found to be true

Front 13

falsifiable hypothesis

Back 13

one that can be shown by observations and experiments to be false if it is false, it is testable

Front 14

unfalsifiable hypothesis

Back 14

is an explanation for something that cannot be disproved

Front 15

control group

Back 15

standard for comparison where all factors are kept constant

Front 16

experimental group

Back 16

part of the experiment where one factor is varied, any difference in the results can then be attributed to that factor

Front 17

variable

Back 17

the factor that is varied or changed between the control and the experimental group

Front 18

repeatability

Back 18

the ability to run an experiment many times, either by the experimenter, or another scientist, and get the same or similar results

Front 19

Fleming's discovery

Back 19

he discovered that penicillin kills bacteria, a huge discovery for medical research, in the late 1920's

Front 20

pseudoscience

Back 20

an idea or system of ideas made to appear scientific but not based ons scientific method or proper experimental design.

Front 21

Biosphere

Back 21

the part of the earth inhabited by living organisms; includes both living and non living components

Front 22

Ecosystems

Back 22

a community together with its non living surroundings

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communities

Back 23

two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

Front 24

populations

Back 24

members of one species inhabiting the same area

Front 25

multicellular organisms

Back 25

an individual living thing composed of many cells

Front 26

organ (body) systems

Back 26

two or more organs working together in the executing of a specific bodily function

Front 27

organs

Back 27

a structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit

Front 28

tissues

Back 28

a group of similar cells that perform a specific function

Front 29

cells

Back 29

the smallest unit of life

Front 30

organelles

Back 30

the various parts within cells; an example is the nucleus or "control center" of a cell

Front 31

atoms and molecules

Back 31

the basic building blocks of matter examples: hydrogen+carbon atoms, water molecules

Front 32

three main subdivisions of biology

Back 32

zoology, botany, microbiology

Front 33

several other branches of bio

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anatomy, physiology, genetics, cytology, ecology

Front 34

biogenesis

Back 34

a principle in bio that states that all ice comes from pre-existing life, or, that evert living organism came from one or two parents before it. this is a theory, that has never been shown to be false

Front 35

spontaneous generation

Back 35

this idea says that living things can arise from non-living matter. an example would be the notion that flies can come from decaying manure. commonly held belief before modern times, many people still believe.

Front 36

francesco redi

Back 36

did research on maggots and why they appear on spoiled meat. used the scientific method to conduct his experiment.

Front 37

miller+urey

Back 37

did research on rocks to figure out what conditions on earth were like early in earths history

Front 38

stereo dissecting microscope

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used to view larger specimens, only magnifies to about 30x. often used used for dissections of small subjects

Front 39

compound light microscope

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general lab use microscope. magnifies from about 40x to 2000x; used to study cells

Front 40

electron microscope

Back 40

used to view detailed structure inside cells; magnifies to 100,000 or more times

Front 41

three domains of living organisms

Back 41

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Front 42

basic types of cells

Back 42

prokaryotic and eukaryotic