Bio Final

Front 1

While on a walk through a forest you notice birds on trees, earthworms in the soil, and fungi on the bark of trees. Based on this you can conclude that each of these organisms occupies a different

Back 1

Habitat

Front 2

The sum of all Earth's ecosystems is called the

Back 2

biosphere

Front 3

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring deals with the

Back 3

environmental effects of pesticides.

Front 4

Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation?

Back 4

Wind

Front 5

In many dense forests, plants living near the ground level engage in intense competition for

Back 5

sunlight

Front 6

When people speak of the "rain shadow" of the California Coast Range, they are referring to the

Back 6

scarcity of rain on the eastern flank and adjacent lowlands compared to the western flank.

Front 7

Most of the world's deserts are located at latitudes where

Back 7

cold, dry air moving toward the poles descends.

Front 8

Which of the following ocean zones is biologically the most productive and physically the most demanding?

Back 8

intertidal

Front 9

Fresh water and seawater mix in a(n)

Back 9

estuary

Front 10

Under the conditions known as El Nio, the mineral nutrient content of the seawater off the coast of Peru declines to very low levels. What effect will this likely have on marine life in the area?

Back 10

It will reduce the abundance of phytoplankton and, consequently, the abundance of other organisms.

Front 11

Why is the runoff from fertilized agricultural fields, even if free of pesticides, often harmful to the ecosystems of temperate lakes?

Back 11

The runoff causes a surface algal bloom, which reduces the lake's oxygen by cutting off the sunlight and fouling the water with dead organic matter.

Front 12

Species in widely separated biomes often appear similar because of

Back 12

convergence

Front 13

The kind of vegetation in a tropical rain forest is generally determined by the amount of

Back 13

rainfall

Front 14

The dominant herbivores in savannas are

Back 14

insects

Front 15

Chaparral vegetation occurs around much of the central valley of central and southern California. This biome is very similar to that found

Back 15

in the Mediterranean region.

Front 16

Most of the best agricultural soils in the United States occur in areas that formerly were

Back 16

grasslands

Front 17

The factors that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and prevent them from becoming woodlands include

Back 17

seasonal drought and frequent fires.

Front 18

In which of the following biomes would you expect to find the highest abundance of large grazing mammals?

Back 18

temperate grassland

Front 19

The main organizing force of the tropical forests in Puerto Rico is

Back 19

hurricanes

Front 20

The major factor in tropical deforestation is

Back 20

people clearing forests to open agricultural lands.

Front 21

The evolutionary cause of behavior is called the

Back 21

ultimate cause

Front 22

When a nipple is placed in a newborn baby's mouth, the infant will immediately begin to suckle. This is an example of

Back 22

innate behavior

Front 23

When nest building, a female Fisher's lovebird cuts long strips of vegetation and carries them to the nest site one at a time in her beak. The peach-faced lovebird cuts short strips and carries them to the nest tucked under back feathers. Hybrid offspring cut intermediate-sized strips and attempt to tuck them under back feathers before carrying them in their beak. What does this demonstrate about behavior?

Back 23

There is a genetic basis to behavior.

Front 24

When you successfully study with the stereo on in the background, you are demonstrating

Back 24

habituation

Front 25

A male turkey that imprinted onto a human at hatching is transferred as a subadult to a flock of "normal" turkeys. When this turkey reaches sexual maturity, he will probably try to court

Back 25

Humans

Front 26

A grayling butterfly will normally fly toward the sun. This is an example of

Back 26

taxis

Front 27

A blue jay hides hundreds of nuts throughout the fall and finds them throughout the winter and spring. The blue jay is most likely finding the stored food by using

Back 27

a cognitive map

Front 28

The most extensive study of internal maps have involved animals that

Back 28

Migrate

Front 29

Squirrels on a bird feeder seem to be able to figure out how to steal seeds no matter what people do. Yesterday, Jeremy hung out a new bird feeder design, and sure enough, by the end of the day the squirrels found a way to get to the seeds. The squirrels most likely figured out how to get the seeds through

Back 29

trial-and-error learning.

Front 30

The baby bobcats watched as their mother stalked a rabbit and pounced, catching dinner that was shared by all. The next day, two of the young bobcats were seen stalking a field mouse, which quickly escaped from the inexperienced hunters. The young bobcats were learning how to hunt by the process of

Back 30

social learning.

Front 31

Problem-solving behavior is known to occur in some

Back 31

A. primates.
B. dolphins.
C. ravens.
D. humans.
Student Response E. All of the choices are correct.

Front 32

You lose track of your friend in a store and now start looking for her. Which one of the following things that you could do represents the use of a search image?

Back 32

You think about what color clothing she wore and look for that color.

Front 33

An insectivorous bird has the choice of eating (1) meadow beetles, which are abundant and large but expose the bird to hawk predation; (2) under-a-rock beetles, which are large and fatty but hard to obtain; and (3) under-a-leaf beetles, which are easy to obtain but small. The bird has nestlings to feed. As an optimal forager, it will

Back 33

eat all three kinds of beetles, balancing the energy spent obtaining each against the energy gained and the risks incurred.

Front 34

The need for intense parental care of offspring favors mating systems that are

Back 34

monogamous

Front 35

Territories are typically used for

Back 35

A. feeding.
B. mating.
C. rearing young.
Student Response D. All of the choices are correct.

Front 36

Which of the following would be an example of agonistic behavior?

Back 36

A dog raises its hackles, bares its teeth, and stands high to appear threatening.

Front 37

Agonistic behavior

Back 37

is used to establish dominance hierarchies.

Front 38

Organisms that are nocturnal are more likely to communicate using

Back 38

smell and sound.

Front 39

An adult human jumps into a raging river to try to save a child who is drowning and is unrelated to the adult. This is an example of

Back 39

reciprocal altruism.

Front 40

Human social behavior appears to be

Back 40

a product of our genes, external influences, and environment.

Front 41

A group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area defines a

Back 41

Population

Front 42

Assume that there are five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida. This is a measure of the alligator population's

Back 42

density

Front 43

The pattern of distribution for a certain species of kelp is clumped. We will expect that the pattern of distribution for a population of snails that live on the kelp would be

Back 43

clumped

Front 44

You drive through Iowa in the spring and notice that every fence post for 3 km has a male redwing blackbird on it defending its nesting territory. This is an example of

Back 44

uniform distribution.

Front 45

A Type I survivorship curve is the result of which of the following life-history traits?

Back 45

Parents provide extended care for their young.

Front 46

A survivorship curve is a

Back 46

graph that plots an individual's likelihood of being alive as a function of age.

Front 47

Consider a stable frog population living at carrying capacity in a pond. If an average female produces 6,000 eggs during her lifetime and an average of 300 tadpoles hatch from these eggs, how many of these tadpoles will, on average, survive to reproduce?

Back 47

2

Front 48

A population of fungi in a yard produces 10 mushrooms in year 1, 20 in year 2, and 40 in year 3. If this trend continues, by year 5 there will be __________ mushrooms.

Back 48

160

Front 49

The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called the

Back 49

carrying capacity.

Front 50

A human population will achieve zero population growth if

Back 50

couples have an average of about 2.25 children each (to account for some children who do not survive to reproduce).

Front 51

A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an example of

Back 51

the effects of abiotic factors

Front 52

The death by bubonic plague of about one-third of Europe's population during the fourteenth century is a good example of

Back 52

a density-dependent effect.

Front 53

An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor controlling the population of a particular rabbit species. A good preliminary step in testing this hypothesis would be to determine

Back 53

whether the owls eat the rabbits

Front 54

The "big bang" life history strategy of the agave plant is a response to

Back 54

an erratic climate.

Front 55

Which of the following will likely decrease a population's size?

Back 55

All of the choices will likely increase a population's size.

Front 56

The type of growth illustrated by the human race during the past 2,000 years is __________ growth.

Back 56

exponential

Front 57

The greatest crisis ever faced by humans is probably

Back 57

human population growth.

Front 58

The sample-plot method of determining the population density of a wild population would work best for organisms such as

Back 58

pine trees.

Front 59

A survivorship curve that involves producing very few offspring, each of which has a high probability of surviving to adulthood, is typical of

Back 59

elephants

Front 60

In the 14th century, __________ was responsible for the death of more than one-third of the entire European population of humans.

Back 60

bubonic plague

Front 61

A community is made up of

Back 61

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.

Front 62

The number of species in a community is called the

Back 62

species richness.

Front 63

The feeding relationships among the species of a community is the community's

Back 63

trophic structure.

Front 64

According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same

Back 64

ecological niche

Front 65

We expect that a keystone species that is a predator will

Back 65

maintain the species diversity in a community

Front 66

Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants

Back 66

cannot run away from herbivores

Front 67

The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a __________ relationship with humans.

Back 67

parasitic

Front 68

When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows, then shrubby areas, and finally forest. This sequence of plant communities is an example of

Back 68

secondary succession.

Front 69

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are

Back 69

primary consumers.

Front 70

In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton zooplankton fish fishermen, the fishermen are

Back 70

tertiary consumers.

Front 71

In a certain ecosystem, field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks. The entry of wild dogs into the system adds another predator of the mice. Of the following, the most likely short-term result of this addition is

Back 71

a reduction in numbers of mice.

Front 72

For a given area and time period, the amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy is called

Back 72

primary production.

Front 73

You want to do all that you can to help our global environment. One thing you can do every day is to eat a diet that consists of organisms that are

Back 73

producers

Front 74

An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of these terms describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl?

Back 74

competition

Front 75

Within an ecosystem, a tree is a

Back 75

producer

Front 76

When you eat lettuce, you are acting as a

Back 76

primary consumer.

Front 77

On Earth, most organic molecules are produced by

Back 77

photosynthesis

Front 78

Which of these terms applies to organisms that produce the organic molecules needed by all living things?

Back 78

producers

Front 79

Which of these processes removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Back 79

photosynthesis

Front 80

Proteins are converted into ammonia by

Back 80

decomposers

Front 81

The primary goal of conservation biology is to

Back 81

counter the loss of biodiversity.

Front 82

In the 2,000 years humans have lived on Madagascar, the island has lost approximately __________ of its native species.

Back 82

50%

Front 83

You arrive back in the U.S. after having visited a foreign country located on another continent. The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates the fruit basket this person is bringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are, you calmly explain to your enraged fellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is that the fruit basket may be

Back 83

carrying an exotic species that could damage North American ecosystems.

Front 84

The increase in the concentration of a substance in the tissues of organisms as it is passed up a food chain is called

Back 84

biological magnification.

Front 85

Large coastal dead zones depleted of oxygen by accelerated eutrophication are primarily caused by

Back 85

nutrient pollution.

Front 86

Without the natural levels of CO2 released by respiration, the surface temperature of Earth would be approximately

Back 86

-18°C.

Front 87

The increase in global temperature that is the greenhouse effect is primarily due to

Back 87

CO2 slowing the escape of heat from Earth.

Front 88

The red-cockaded woodpecker is dependent upon __________ for maintenance of its source habitat.

Back 88

fire

Front 89

Habitat fragmentation

Back 89

A. favors species specialized for edges.
B. generally decreases species diversity at the edges.
C. often results from human activities.
Student Response D. All of the choices are correct. 1

Front 90

Small areas that exhibit exceptionally high species diversity are referred to as

Back 90

biodiversity hot spots.

Front 91

Species found in only one place on Earth are called __________ species.

Back 91

endemic

Front 92

If wolves were now removed from Yellowstone National Park, we would expect that

Back 92

A. elk populations would increase.
B. deer populations would increase.
C. moose populations would increase.
Student Response D. All of the choices are correct.

Front 93

Using living organisms to clean up polluted ecosystems is known as

Back 93

bioremediation

Front 94

Which of the following is the greatest challenge facing the zoned reserve systems of Costa Rica?

Back 94

a growing human population

Front 95

Which one of the following species was threatened with extinction in the United States by DDT and has since rebounded into abundance?

Back 95

brown pelicans

Front 96

Fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) are native to

Back 96

South America.

Front 97

Fire ants can spread naturally at a rate of up to __________ miles per year.

Back 97

10

Front 98

Carbon dioxide traps heat and warms the atmosphere. This is known as the __________ effect.

Back 98

greenhouse

Front 99

Most biodiversity hot spots are found in __________ regions.

Back 99

tropical

Front 100

Fertilizer runoff can result in the __________ of lakes.

Back 100

eutrophication