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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Five major prop of life
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-Life carries its own instruction manual
-Life reproduces -life transforms energy -life is complex -life responds to stimulus |
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Why is the cell considered the basic unite of life
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because all of life's properties do not exist at smaller levels of organization
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Hierarchy of life
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-atom, molecule, cell tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
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Principle of emergent properties
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each level of biological organization has properties that are difficult or impossible to predict based on what we know about lower levels. This means we must study all levels of organization to understand life on Earth.
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How does energy flow
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one organism to another and only travels in one direction form producer to consumer to decomposer.
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Producers
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make their own food
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consumers
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eat other organisms
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Decomposers
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break down dead organisms
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Diversity of Life
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results fro evolution through natural selection.
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levels of life
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Species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom
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scientific-practice
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observe, propose, hypothesis, predict, test, repeat, and conclude
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element
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a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by chemical means.
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Atom
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smallest particle of an element that retains all of its properties
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structure of the atom
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protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus.
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isotope
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variants of a chemical element due to number of neutrons present, resulting in same atomic number.
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Ion
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a charged particle that occurs when an atom gives or receives electrons.
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why atoms form bonds
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atoms form bonds in order to achieve stability
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Ionic bond
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one atom pulls electrons off another atom, electrical charge holds the atom together. Polar
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Covalent bond
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all atoms share electrons non-polar or polar
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polar
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unequal sharing
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Non-polar
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equal sharing
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Hydrogen Bonds
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water, hydrogen is attracted to the oxygen of another
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Prop of water
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Polarity
temperature stabilization cohesion solvent |
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Polarity
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Water molecules attract other polar molecules, ion
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Temperature stabilization
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Hydrogen bonds absorbs heat with little temperature change
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Cohesion
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Water holds together in "strings"
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Solvent
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Many substances dissolve in water. polar
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solubility
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like dissolves in like, polar molecules:h2o Non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water
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Acid
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compound that forms H+ ions in water (0-6)
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Base
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compound that forms OH- (8-14)
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Neutral
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seven on the ph scale
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PH
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measure of the acidity or basicity of a substance
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Organic Compound
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responsible for the unique properties of life. Combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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why life is based on Carbon
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abundance, chemical bonding, molecular shape, Diverse types of compounds
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Life NOT based on silicon
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unstable, very small
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Monomer
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building blocks, Smaller molecules
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Polymer
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Large molecules, made up of Monomer
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Chemical Building blocks of the cell
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids
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Different types of carbohydrates
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Simple sugar, disaccharides, oligosaccharids, and polusaccharides
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Simple Sugars
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Monosaccharides, short-chain, glucose, ribose, glycerol
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Short-chain carbohydrates
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Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Sucrose, Lactose
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Complex Carbohydrates
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Polysaccarides, Long chains: polymers
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Cellulose
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Cell wall of plants
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Starch
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plant energy storage
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Glycogen
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Animal energy storage
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Chitin
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Sugars +Nitrogen groups
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Fatty Acid
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acids with long chain of carbon and hydrogen
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Triglycerides
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energy storage in cell. Fats at room temperature, Oil liquid at room temp
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Phospholipids
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Major component of cell membrane, one end polar one end non-polar
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steroids
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cell membranes of eukaryotes,
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