Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are plant's closest relative?
|
green algae
|
|
|
what are some common traits that algae and plants share?
|
-multicellular
-eukaryote -photosynthetic -cellulose which produces cell walls |
|
|
what traits link charophyceans to plants?
|
-perioxisome enzymes (photo respiration)
-structure of flagallated sperm -phragmoplast (cytoplasm organelles lining up along ridge, waiting for cell division) Also has rosette complex (cellulose synthesis in row) |
|
|
What was the main problem for plants in the Ordovician period?
|
the jump from aquatic to dry land
|
|
|
How did plants solve their problem from the Ordovician period?
|
-created epidermal polymers that acted as water proofing known as cuticles
-also created a durable polmer that prevents zygotes from drying out known as the sporopollenin. This provides pollen grains with a certain mophology |
|
|
derived plant traits
|
1. apical meristems
2. Alteration of generations. 2 independent individuals, haploid and diploid 3. walled spores in sporangia spores with sporopollenin 4. multicellular gamentangia female archegonia vs. male antheridia 5. multicellular dependent embryos (not done in algae) |
|
|
what are bryophytes and what are some examples?
|
non-vascular plants; can be broken down to phylums of liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
|
|
|
How can vascular plants be broken down?
|
seedless and seed
|
|
|
what are some seedless vascular plants?
|
1. lycophytes
include club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts 2. pterophytes include ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns |
|
|
what are some examples of seed plants? Divide these into 2 groups
|
gymnosperms?
1. ginko 2. cycads 3. gnetophytes 4. conifers Angiosperms flowering plants |
|
|
when did land plants emerge? (time wise?)
|
450 MYA
|
|
|
when did vascular plants emerge?
|
420 MYA
|
|
|
When did seed plants emerge?
|
360 MYA
|
|
|
gymnosperm
|
"naked seed": their seeds are not enclosed in chambers, make up most of the conifers today
|
|
|
angiosperms
|
flowering plants that have seeds develop inside of chambers called ovaries, which originate within flowers and mature into fruits
|
|
|
life cycle of mosses and bryophytes
|
- alternates between gametophyte and sporophyte
-gametophyte stage is dominate -H2O dependent reproduction (limits range) -only fertilizes when wet, no full invasion of land - sporophyte grows from archegonium -no vascular tissue |
|
|
plants in the ordovician period?
|
nonvascular land plants
|
|
|
plants in the silurian period?
|
vascular plants (trees)
|
|
|
carboniferous
|
seed plants, allow for full land invasion
|
|
|
How long did nonvascular plants dominate?
|
100 million years before vascular plants
|
|
|
vascular tissue
|
cells form tubes to transport h20 and nutrients
|
|
|
Types of vascular tossie
|
1. xylem
2. phloem |
|
|
xylem
|
transport of h20 and minerals
|
|
|
phloem
|
transport sugars and other organic products
|
|
|
vascular plant adaptations
|
1. sporophyte domination (fern leaves)
2. roots anchor plants, absorb water and nutrients, support for vertical growth 3. leaves maximize surface area 4. sphorophylls modified cells that bear sporangia |
|
|
sorus (also describe the two types)
|
contains sporangia
1. homosporous single type of spore (vascular) 2. pterophytes all seed plants, male(micro)/female(mega) spore |
|
|
seedless vascular plants
examples |
lycophytes
examples: club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts pterophytes examples: ferns, horsetails, wisk ferns |
|
|
the significance of vascular plants?
|
- transformed land
- transformed the atmosphere - facilitated the industrial revolution (decay of plants causes deposits which allow fossil fuels) |
