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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene Pool |
Various alleles at all the gene loci in all individuals |
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Homologous Structures |
Inherited from common ancestor because they are anatomically similar |
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Analogous Structures |
Same function, not constructed similarly, and don't share a common ancestor |
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Vestigal Structures |
Fully developed anatomical structures in one group of organisms |
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Biogeography |
Range and distribution of plants and animals throughout the world |
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Fitness |
Relative reproductive success of an individual |
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Adaptive Radiation |
Members of a species invade several new geographically seperate environments |
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Divergent Evolution |
Accumulation of differences between groups |
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Convergent Evolution |
Organisms not closely related evolve similar traits |
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Punctuated equilibrium |
Rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change |
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Gradualism |
Policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution |
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Macroevolution |
Evolution at the species or higher level of classification |
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Microevolution |
Evolutionary change within a species over a short period |
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Fossils |
Remains of prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form |
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Panspermia |
Theory that life on earth originated from microorganisms |
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Polyploidy |
More than two haploid sets of chromosomes |
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Population |
All inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country |
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Community |
Group of people living in the same place |
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Evolutionary Species Concepts |
Distinguishes species from another based on structural traits |
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Biological Species Concepts |
Relies primarily on reproductive isolation |
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Sequence of Evolution of a Cell |
Organic molecules from inorganic molecules Genetic material was self replicating Membranes that separated genetic material and organic molecules from surroundings |
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Stanley Miller Experiment |
Tested the hypothesis that organic molecules could form in a reducing atmosphere |
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Hardy Weinberg conditions and connections to evolution |
No mutations, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, and no selection. Deviations from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicate that evolution has taken place. |
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Types of selection |
Sexual Selection- Adaptive changes in males and females lead to an increased ability to secure a mate |
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Oparins theory on the origin of life |
Oparin proposed that organic molecules could have formed spontaneously in a reducing environment. |
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Evidence for Evolution and Examples |
Fossil- Record history of life from the past. Document a succession of life forms from the simple to the more complex. Biogeographical- Distributions show related forms of life evolved in one locale and then spread to accessible regions Anatomical- Embry development where all have a postonal tail and paired gill pouches Biochemical- All living organisms ues same basic biochemical molecules |
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Endosymbiotic Theory |
How eukaryotic cells evolve from prokaryotes from carrying out cells. One cell engulfed another cell. |
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Key Scientists related to evolution and their contributions |
Needham- supported spontaneous generation. Spallazani- supported biogenesis Pasteur- Said oxygen was excluded from Spallazani's experiment Oparin and Haldane- Organic molecules could have formed spontaneously in reducing environment. |
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Main Causes of Microevolution |
Genetic Mutation, Nonrandom mating, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift |
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Where does oxygen come from in our atmosphere? |
From photosynthesis it produces oxygen |
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What are some examples of vestigal structures? |
Human appendix, pelvic bone of snake, and wings of flightless birds. |
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Explain genetic drift and what are the causes? |
Changes in the allele frequencies of a population due to change rather than selection by the environment. -Occurs by disproportionate random sampling from population -After a bottleneck |
