Bio Exam 4

Front 1

pelycosaurs

Back 1

extinct in the end of permian

Front 2

permian period ended with

Back 2

mass extinction

Front 3

pelycosaurs back structure made of

Back 3

vertebrae (spine)

Front 4

the back structure of the pelycosaurs were used for

Back 4

thermoregulation

Front 5

group that made it through the permian extinction

Back 5

therapsids

Front 6

therapsids have this characteristic

Back 6

pentadactyly

Front 7

pentadactyly means

Back 7

5 digits

Front 8

primative group that led to mammals

Back 8

therapsids

Front 9

therapsids legs are located

Back 9

unnder the body so it will support instead of suspend it

Front 10

heterodont dentition

Back 10

incisors
canine
premolars and molars

Front 11

incisors are used for

Back 11

chiseling

Front 12

canine are used for

Back 12

ripping

Front 13

premolars and molars are used for

Back 13

grinding

Front 14

in the ear there are 3

Back 14

ossicles

Front 15

ossicles

Back 15

malleus
incus
stepes

Front 16

endothermy

Back 16

warm blooded

Front 17

hair

Back 17

extention of the endoderm

Front 18

milk

Back 18

made in body

Front 19

monotremes

Back 19

echidnas and platypus

Front 20

monotremes give birth by

Back 20

oviparous

Front 21

oviparous

Back 21

egg laying

Front 22

monotremes have a ____ for waste

Back 22

cloaca

Front 23

cloaca

Back 23

disposes gastrointestinal and urinary intestinal

Front 24

metatheria

Back 24

marsupials

Front 25

marsupials

Back 25

kangaroo
koala
tasmanian devil
wombat
tylacine
opposum

Front 26

marsupials all have

Back 26

marsupia

Front 27

marsupia

Back 27

pouch

Front 28

marsupials give birth

Back 28

to embryo-->finds way to pouch-->attaches to nipple/mammary gland-->finishes growing for a year

Front 29

marsupials are found mostly

Back 29

in australia because it is isolated

Front 30

Eutheria

Back 30

placental mammals

Front 31

2 groups of primates

Back 31

prosimians
anthropoids

Front 32

prosimians

Back 32

organisms that are primates but more primative that anthropoids

Front 33

prosimians contain

Back 33

lemurs and lorises
tarsiers

Front 34

lemurs are found

Back 34

only in madagascar

Front 35

lorises are found

Back 35

only in africa and SE asia

Front 36

tarsiers

Back 36

in group with lemur and lorises but dont really have a group

Front 37

anthropoids contain

Back 37

new world monkeys
old world monkeys
homonoids

Front 38

new world monkeys are also called

Back 38

platyrrhines

Front 39

platyrrhines

Back 39

flat noses

Front 40

new world monkeys are found

Back 40

central and south america

Front 41

old world monkeys are found

Back 41

africa and asia

Front 42

difference between monkeys and apes

Back 42

monkeys have a tail

Front 43

homonoids conatin

Back 43

the great apes
humans

Front 44

the great apes contain

Back 44

chimpanzes
orangatang
gorilla
lesser apes

Front 45

chimpanze and gorilla are found

Back 45

africa

Front 46

orangatang and lesser apes are found

Back 46

SE asia

Front 47

humans best fossils were found

Back 47

in african rift valley

Front 48

1st adaption of humans

Back 48

bipedalism

Front 49

bipedalism

Back 49

walking on two legs

Front 50

why it is difficult for a human to give birth

Back 50

bipedalism, our pelvis is made differently

Front 51

7.5 mya fossils were found for oldest relative

Back 51

sahelanthropus tehadensis

Front 52

first one of our genus

Back 52

homo habilis

Front 53

homo habilis means

Back 53

handy man

Front 54

home erectus is the ____ of our genus

Back 54

2nd

Front 55

homo erectus was found

Back 55

asia and europe

Front 56

the 3rd of our genus is

Back 56

homo neanderthalensis

Front 57

homo neanderthalensis believe to dissapear because

Back 57

early humans breeded with them and wiped them out

Front 58

homo sapien (archaic) differ from homo sapien(modern)

Back 58

have brow ridges
slopping skull
no chin

Front 59

homo sapien (modern) evolved

Back 59

in africa and migrated to europe and asia
-out of africa hypothesis

Front 60

the density of population is the

Back 60

size of a population

Front 61

what increases population size

Back 61

immigration and birth

Front 62

what decreases population size

Back 62

emigration and mortality

Front 63

the intrinsic rate of population increase is calculated by this equation

Back 63

r=(b+i)-(d+e)

Front 64

exponential growth graph looks like

Back 64

a J

Front 65

exponential growth is shown by the equation

Back 65

dN/dt=1.0N

Front 66

logistic growth graph looks like

Back 66

an S

Front 67

logistic growth is represented by the equation

Back 67

dN/dt=1.0N(1000-N/1000)

Front 68

logistic growth is alter fro exponential growth because

Back 68

K- carrying capacity

Front 69

carrying capacity is

Back 69

anything that limits population growth

Front 70

r-selected group characteristics

Back 70

fluctuating environments
early reproduction
many offspring per year
little/no parental care

Front 71

r-selected group is based on ____ data

Back 71

quantity

Front 72

k-selected group characteristics

Back 72

predictable environment
delay maturation
few offspring per event
parental care

Front 73

k-selected group is based on ____ data

Back 73

quality

Front 74

affecting birthrates

Back 74

pop. den. goes up
birth rate goes down

Front 75

affecting birth rate

Back 75

pop. den. goes up
death rate goes up
increase in predatation

Front 76

affecting birth and death rates

Back 76

pop den goes up
birth goes down
death goes up

Front 77

density independent

Back 77

ex. hurricane
natural disasters

Front 78

population cycles
(predator vs. prey)

Back 78

when prey goes up it is followed by an increase in the predator population

Front 79

human population growth
(ancestors)

Back 79

early-vegetarians
later-hunter-gathers

Front 80

human population expanded from

Back 80

africa

Front 81

homo sapiens shift from hunter-gathers to

Back 81

domestication of plants and animals

Front 82

how many years ago did we switch to domestication

Back 82

10,000 years ago

Front 83

domestication changed

Back 83

K

Front 84

industrial revolution was in the

Back 84

late 18th century

Front 85

in the 19th and 20th century what advances happened?

Back 85

medical
decreases mortality

Front 86

did human population grow with exponential growth or logistic growth

Back 86

exponential

Front 87

what mass decreases in human population happened?

Back 87

bubonic plague "black death"

Front 88

population is a group of

Back 88

the same species living in the same area

Front 89

communities is a group of

Back 89

populations of different species

Front 90

the three community ecologies

Back 90

competition
predation
symbiosis

Front 91

competition is

Back 91

all species compete with one another as well as within a species

Front 92

competition is positive, negative, or non effective for the parties

Back 92

negative for both, they are busy competing instead of making babies

Front 93

predation is

Back 93

prey vs. predator

Front 94

predation is positive negative or non effective

Back 94

positive for one party and negative for the other

Front 95

symbiosis is

Back 95

a mutual relationship

Front 96

symbiosis is positive, negative or non effective

Back 96

either both positive or one positive and one non effective

Front 97

intraspecific

Back 97

within species
compete for mate

Front 98

an intraspecific competition of a male lizard

Back 98

puffs up throat to tell other males not to come to his area

Front 99

dominance hierarchies

Back 99

alpha male and alpha female

Front 100

how does the dominance hierarchy get their positions

Back 100

aggression and actual fighting

Front 101

in dominance hierarchy who breeds

Back 101

alphas are the only ones that breed

Front 102

dominance hierarchy lessens and greatens competition

Back 102

lessens

Front 103

interspecific

Back 103

resources(food, place to live)
between species

Front 104

Ecological niche

Back 104

an organisms job
what resources it needs and how it uses them

Front 105

a fundamental niche

Back 105

resources an organism could use if it was by itself and not competing

Front 106

a realized niche

Back 106

resources an organism does use because it is not alone and is competing

Front 107

a subdivided environment

Back 107

one species lives in canopy of tree
one species lives on the bark
on species lives on the ground
never come in contact
never compete

Front 108

is predation always successful?

Back 108

not always

Front 109

herbivores are

Back 109

predators to plants

Front 110

parasites are

Back 110

predators, they dont always kill their host but they cause negative effects

Front 111

nutrient cycling

Back 111

has to do with biodeochemical cycles

Front 112

biogeochemical cycles

Back 112

water
carbon
nitrogen

Front 113

water cycle

Back 113

evaporation
condensation
precipitation
ground water

Front 114

transpiration

Back 114

water returning to the gaseous state off of living organisms

Front 115

nitrogen makes up

Back 115

78% of the atmosphere

Front 116

nitrogen fixation

Back 116

nitrogen gas converted to be used by organisms by cyanobacteria

Front 117

NH3 and NO3 is picked up by

Back 117

algae and plants

Front 118

dentrifying microbes

Back 118

make NH3 and NO3 make into N2

Front 119

soil microbes

Back 119

NH3 and NO3 in the soil goes into the plant rots

Front 120

CO2 takes up

Back 120

0.03% of the atmosphere