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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know causes of edema, and distinguish signs caused by right- and left-sided heart failure.
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1.Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2.Decrease capillary osmotic pressure 3.Increased Capillary Permeability 4.Lymphatic Obstruction- “Lymphedema” |
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Understand etiology, pathogenesis and manifestations of ARF. Know signs of failure and recovery.
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1.Prerenal: decreased blood flow to kidneys
2.Intrarenal: Acute tubular necrosis Poor prognosis if infarction 3.Postrenal: Obstruction causing backflow |
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Nephrotoxic
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Anything that is toxic to kidneys: antibiotics, xray contrast, heavy metals)
(anti-freeze is nephrotoxic for dogs) |
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ARF stages
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a.Initiation: great dec in GFR
b.Maintenance: dec.in urine OP, inc BUN, edema c.Recovery: Injury, fast, treat fast, recovery fast (unless infarction) Polyuria- peeing a lot- delute Return of normal concentration- means you’re getting better |
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ARF Manifestations
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1.Oliguria- dec GFR (dec urine production)
2.Hyponatremia- Na+ not reabsorbed- edema 3.Metabolic acidosis- Retaining H+ 4.Hyperkalemia- cause of too much H+ (same carriers) 5.Azotemia- acute inc in nitrogenous waste. inc BUN and creatinine 6.Anemia: Erythropoytin not produced due to decreased kidney function |
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Acute Renal Failure (definition) ARF
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Decrease in Kidney function causing a electrolye imbalance and build up of NTG waste (high BUN and create)
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Chronic Renal Failure(definition) CRF
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a. Dec Functional nephrons- homeostasis maintained
b. Renal insufficiency- <25% function, GFR < 30ml/min (normal GFR 12530ml/min) c. Renal Failure- <15% function Nocturia- peeing at night- b/c you can’t concentrate urine d.Uremia- blood in urine <5% function (end-stage renal disease |
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CRF
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1.Azotemia (may be a-symtomatic)
2.Anemia- slow over time 3.Dehydration- b/c nephrons that filter the waste from the blood are not working well. 4.Isosthenuria- osmolarity of the blood and urine is the same. Urine is neither concentrated or dilute 5.Metabolic Acidosis- retention of H+ 6.Electrolyte imbalance- (inc K+, dec Ca++) |
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CFR Manifestations
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1.Sever electrolyte imbalance
2.Acidosis causes nausea, vomiting, cachexia, oral ulcers 3.Neurologic- uremic encephalopathy •CNS- apathy, depression, headache, coma •PNS- peripheral neuropathies- numbness, tingling 4.Cardio- htn- retaining fluid •Stroke •MI- L CHF, LV hypertrophy •Pericarditis- inflammation of pericardial sack 5.Hematologic- Anemia dec immune function- opportunistic infection 6.Respiratory- Pulm edema “ uremic lung” Looks like bat wing 7.Skin- Uremic frost- build up of uria Icterus- build up of bili rubin in blood Uremia phase- need transplant |
