Bio Exam 3-Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Tissues, Organ Systems

Front 1

What are the nine phylum of invertebrate?

Back 1

Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

Front 2

Who are the Porifera? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? 2 layers or 3?

Back 2

Sponges. No organs, no symmetry, no movement, no digestive cavity, no layers

Front 3

Who are the Cnidaria? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? 2 layers or 3? Other defining characteristics?

Back 3

Hydras, jellyfish, corals,etc. Radial symmetry. No organs. Incomplete digestive cavity (mouth no anus). 2 layers. Have nematocysts (to sting). Some can move

Front 4

Who are the Platyhelminthes? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? 2 layers or 3? Other defining characteristics?

Back 4

Free living planarians. Tapeworms,flukes. First with organs-Simple organs. Bilateral symmetry. Incomplete digestive cavity. First with 3 layers (ecto, endo, meso)

Front 5

Who are the Annelida? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? 2 layers or 3? Other defining characteristics?

Back 5

Earthworms, leeches, polychaetes. Organ systems. Bilateral with segmentation. First with complete digestive cavity. 3 layers. Have a body cavity called a coelom-absorbs shock around organs, allows organs to grow independently of body wall

Front 6

Who are the Mollusca? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? Coelum? Other defining characteristics?

Back 6

Bivalves(clams,oysters,mussels), gastropods(snails/slugs), cephalopods(squids,octopus). Yes, advances in respiratory organs to gills and in circulatory system. Bilateral not segmented. Yes complete.Yes, small. Radula=rasping organ used to scrape food. Mantle=fold of tissue that drapes over body to form a shell in some (snails).

Front 7

Who are the Nematoda? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? Coelum? Other defining characteristics?

Back 7

Roundworms-hookworms, heartworms, etc. Bilateral with no segmentation. Yes complete. Pseudocoelom (not entirely lined by mesoderm). Most members contain a flexible external cuticle that sheds as it grows

Front 8

Who are the Arthropoda? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? Coelum? Other defining characteristics?

Back 8

Crustaceans, arachnids, insects(only winged invertebrates), centipedes,etc. Bilateral symmetry with specialized segmentation head, abdomen, thorax. Yes complete. Reduced coelum. Jointed appendages,exoskeleton

Front 9

Who are the Echinodermata? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? Coelum? Other defining characteristics?

Back 9

Sea "critters"- sea corals, sea cucumbers, starfish, sand dollar. adults radial, larvae bilateral. yes.yes. Water vascular system, spines,endoskeleton

Front 10

Who are the Chordata? Organs? Symmetry type? Digestive cavity? Coelum? Other defining characteristics?

Back 10

Vertebrates, lancelets, tunicates. Yes, highly developed. Bilateral with segmentation. complete. yes. Dorsal hollow nerve tube,notochord-flexible supportive rod b-t digestive tube and nervePharyngeal slits – gill-like structures, Muscular tail (posterior to the anus)

Front 11

What are the different types of tissues?

Back 11

Epithelial tissues, Connective tissues, Muscle tissues, nervous tissue

Front 12

What type of tissue is simple squamous and what is its structure and function? Where can it be found

Back 12

Epithelial. Single layer of flattened cells. diffusion and filtration. found lining blood vessels and in air sacs of lungs

Front 13

What type of tissue is simple cuboidal and what is its structure and function? Where can it be found

Back 13

Epithelial. Single layer of cube shaped cells. Secretion and absorption. Ducts, kidney tubules, testes, ovaries

Front 14

What type of tissue is simple columnar and what is its structure and function? Where can it be found

Back 14

Epithelial. One layer of tall cells. Secretion and movement of materials. Digestive tract, lining airways

Front 15

What type of tissue is stratified squamous and what is its structure and function? Where can it be found

Back 15

Epithelial. Multiple layers of flattened cells. Protection, covers areas of high abrasion. Skin, esophagus

Front 16

What are connective tissues and what are the 6 types?

Back 16

Cells that secrete specific protein fibers and ground substance. Loose connective, fibrous (or dense), adipose, cartilage, bone, blood

Front 17

What is the function of loose connective tissue and where is it found?

Back 17

Elastic binding and packaging. Found under skin and under most epithelial tissue.

Front 18

What is the function of adipose tissue and where is it found?

Back 18

Padding, insulation, energy storage. Found AROUND organs, under skin.

Front 19

What is the function of Fibrous tissue and where is it found?

Back 19

Support strength elasticity. Ligaments (bone to bone), Tendon (bone to muscle), in skin, under many organs

Front 20

What is the function of cartilage and where is it found?

Back 20

Flexible support, resists compression, low friction around joints. Nose, ears, end of long bones, airways

Front 21

What is the function of bones?

Back 21

sturdy support, movement, protection of organs and brain

Front 22

considered a connective tissue because its cellular components form within bone, which is a connective tissue

Back 22

Blood

Front 23

What is muscle tissue?

Back 23

bundles of long contractile cells with many mitochondria

Front 24

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

Back 24

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Front 25

What is the structure and function of cardiac tissue? Where is it found?

Back 25

bundles of long striated cells that are branched with numerous gap junctions (important for communication). Purpose is to contract heart in unison. Found only in heart

Front 26

What is the structure, function and location of skeletal muscle tissue?

Back 26

Bundles of long striated cells used for voluntary movements. Attached to bones (by tendons)

Front 27

What is the structure, function and location of smooth muscle tissue?

Back 27

Not striated, spindle shaped cells used for involuntary muscles. Digestive tract, uterus, blood vessels arteries...

Front 28

What is the structure, function and location of nervous tissue?

Back 28

Cells with long extensions, close to each other. Send and receive electrical signals along plasma membrane. Located throughout the body and affect the muscles

Front 29

What is an organ?

Back 29

cooperative of several tissues working together to perform specific functions

Front 30

What is a system?

Back 30

Cooperative of several organs to perform specific functions.

Front 31

What are the two sides of epithelial tissue?

Back 31

free surface-inside a cavity or outside surface of skin; Basement membrane surface-side attached to a dense mat of extracellular consisting of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides (side opposite free surface)

Front 32

Exocrine

Back 32

secretions released onto the free surface. EX sweat, mucus, semen, milk, etc

Front 33

Endocrine

Back 33

no ducts, secrete from free surface directly into body fluid/blood. EX sex hormones, insulin, etc

Front 34

What is epithelial tissue?

Back 34

Sheets that cover external surfaces or line the inside of organs/cavities

Front 35

Interstitial fluids

Back 35

fluids that bathe all the cells of the body

Front 36

homeostasis

Back 36

steady state-the activities of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that keep an organism’s internal environment in a range that cells can tolerate

Front 37

negative feedback

Back 37

control mechanism that keeps small changes from becoming too large

Front 38

positive feedback

Back 38

amplifies a reaction