Bio Exam 3 Entomology

Front 1

Associative Learning

Back 1

Element is learned through separate, pre-occurring element (classical conditioning).
A stimulus that results in a response is repeated alongside another stimulus, eventually the second stimulus will result in the same response.

Front 2

Courtship

Back 2

Visual Displays
Dancing
Sounds
Tactile Stimulation
Nuptial Gifts(Eating the male, glandular products, or bringing a gift of food, etc)

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Biomes

Back 3

Deserts
Grasslands/Praries
Deciduous Forests
Coniferous Forests

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Cretaceous

Back 4

145-65MYA
Radiation of Angiosperms, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera

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Camouflage

Back 5

Blending into environment

Front 6

Ehrlich and Raven Hypothesis

Back 6

Plants were spending energy to fend off herbivores. Plants diversify when herbivore pressures reduced. Herbivores develop resistance to original toxin and eat plant. Repeats

Front 7

Domatium

Back 7

Tiny chambers in plants that house arthropods that are produced by plant rather than induced by the insects

Front 8

Gall Induction

Back 8

Abnormal Outgrowths caused by various parasites, fungi, bacteria, insects and mites. Often organized structures and formed by herbivorous insects. Plant tissue is controlled by insect. Act as habitat and food for the maker. Usually induced by chemicals injected into plant, but also mechanical damage.

Front 9

Elaiosome

Back 9

Fleshy part attached to seeds of plants. Rich in lipids and proteins. Benefits insects because it feeds them and offers chance for seed to be carried around. Convergent evolution

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Endemic

Back 10

Native to a place, broadly means "belonging" or "native to" "characteristic of" or "prevalent" to a particular geography, group, field, area, environment.

Front 11

Crypsis

Back 11

Ability for an organism to avoid observation and detection.
Camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency, or mimicry.

Front 12

Mimicry
Batesian Mimicry

Back 12

When a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful one.

Front 13

Insight Learning

Back 13

New adaptive responses and reasoning to solve problems, something insects lack.

Front 14

Latent Learning

Back 14

When no immediate reward is obvious, such as a recon flight.

Front 15

Habituation

Back 15

decrease in responses to repeated stimuli that are not a result of fatigue. Mosquito larvae dive from shadows, but don't when the shadow consistently moves over them.

Front 16

Insect Learning

Back 16

Limited learning and decision making has been documented. Learning involves unpredictable relationships between stimuli and responses. Changes in decisions based on past experiences.

Front 17

Lek

Back 17

When fireflies gather on a tree and flash synchronously to give a Christmas tree flashing effect, thought to attract females from further

Front 18

Lentic Ecosystem

Back 18

Ecosystem of a lake, pond or swamp. Lentic means still or standing water. Biotic interactions are between plants, animals nad micro-organisms and abiotic are physical and chemical.

Front 19

Lotic Ecosystem

Back 19

Ecosystem of a river, stream or spring. Flowing water systems. Biotic interactions are between plants, animals nad micro-organisms and abiotic are physical and chemical. Ranges from springs to major rivers

Front 20

Limnetic

Back 20

Freshwater (excluding seawater and brackish water) Low concentrations of dissolved salts.

Front 21

Littoral Zone

Back 21

Part of a sea, lake or river that is close to shore. Always includes the intertidal zone.

Front 22

Intertidal Zone

Back 22

Area that is exposed to air at low tide and underwater at high tide.

Front 23

Kinesis

Back 23

A non-directional change in activity in response to a stimulus that results in the migration toward or away from a stimulus.

Front 24

Taxis

Back 24

An innate behavioral response by an organism to a directional stimulus or gradient of stimulus intensity. When an organism with motility demonstrates guided movement toward or away from the stimulus.

Front 25

Qualitative Toxins

Back 25

Short lived plants of early successional stages invest in toxins that are effective against all but the most specialized herbivores. They are designed to interfere with an herbivore's metabolism. Usually small, water soluble and can be rapidly synthesized. Not dosage dependent. Present in small amounts (2% dry weight). Usually small & water soluble.

Front 26

Secondary Metabolism

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Organic compounds not directly involved with normal growth, reproduction or development of organisms. Absense of them doesn't result in immediate death but rather long term impairment of an organisms's survivability, fecundity or aesthetics, or maybe no change at all. Often play a role in plant defense against herbivory.

Front 27

Quantitative Toxin

Back 27

Present in high concentrations in plants (5-40% dry weight) Equally effective against all specialists and generalist. Most reduce digestibility and make cell walls indigestible to animals. Dosage dependent. Typically larger molecules, more expensive and harder to produce and maintain.

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Borers

Back 28

Those that bore in leaves

Front 29

Miners

Back 29

Tree diggers

Front 30

Monophage

Back 30

Feeding on only one specific type of plant

Front 31

Oligophage

Back 31

Feeding on several plant species

Front 32

Nectaries

Back 32

Specialized plant structures that give seeds, fruit and nectar.

Front 33

Orientation

Back 33

The way insects map their paths. Little is known but they depend heavily on the sun and moon and the horizon. They can also note things like trees, highways, rivers and large rocks.

Front 34

Pheromones

Back 34

Secreted by ducted exocrine glands and are released to the outside environment and usually affect other individuals of the same species.

Front 35

Phototaxis

Back 35

Movement to or from light.

Front 36

Polyphage

Back 36

Can feed on many different types of host.

Front 37

Masquerade

Back 37

Insect resembles something that a predator doesn't give a shit about.

Front 38

Startle Display

Back 38

Insect suddenly reveals eye shaped structures. Buys enough time to escape.

Front 39

Swarm

Back 39

Queen and her workers

Front 40

Coevolution

Back 40

Critters take advantage of something else that's evolving.

Front 41

Fixed Action Pattern

Back 41

Instinctual behavior

Front 42

Cryoprotectant

Back 42

Used to protect from freezing damage.

Front 43

Profundal

Back 43

Deep body of water such as a lake or ocean, below range of light penetration