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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sexual reproduction, gives rise to 4 daughter cells, and used to produce gametes is meiosis or mitosis?
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meiosis.
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Requires two rounds of cell division, produces daughter cells that are not genetically identical to each other, and produces haploid cells is meiosis or mitosis?
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meiosis.
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in humans it produces cells with 23 chromosomes, each daughter cell has only one sex chromosome, and crossing-over between homologous chromosomes occurs frequently in meiosis or mitosis?
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meiosis.
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often called reduction division, one type of problem with division is nondisjunction, and daughter cells do not go through the process again in meiosis or mitosis?
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meiosis.
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In human females, this process starts at birth, stops in the middle of the process, then completes the process later in life.
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meiosis.
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asexual reproduction, gives rise to two daughter cells, and used for growth and repair is meiosis or mitosis?
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mitosis.
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requires just one round of cell division, produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other, and produces diploid cells is meiosis or mitosis?
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mitosis.
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in humans it produces cells with 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell has two sex chromosomes, and no need for crossing over between homologous chromosomes in meiosis or mitosis?
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mitosis.
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the most common form of reproduction in simple single-celled organisms, one type of problem with the division cycle is cancer, and each daughter cell may go through the process many times in meiosis or mitosis?
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mitosis.
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In human females, this process continues throughout that person's lifetime.
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mitosis.
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What is an allele that is always expressed when present, regardless of the other allele?
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dominant.
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What is an allele that is expressed only when both copies of that allele are present?
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recessive.
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What is the name for the physical traits that can be observed?
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phenotype
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the genetic makeup of the individual
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genotype
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having two alleles that are the same for a particular trait
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homozygous
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having two different alleles for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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pairs of alleles segregate during meiosis
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principle of segregation
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each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs during meiosis
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principle of independent assortment
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a diagram that shows how traits are inherited during fertilization
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Punnet square
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an individual with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
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testcross
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a family tree that shows the inheritance of a trait
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pedigree
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an individual who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disease
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carrier
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inheritance where a heterozygous offspring expresses a phenotype that is in between that of two different homozygous parents
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incomplete dominance
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inheritance where a heterozygous offspring expresses the phenotypes of both alleles
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codominance
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one gene affects many different traits
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pleiotropy
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one trait is determined by many different genes
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polygenic inheritance
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a trade of genetic material between a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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crossing over
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inheritance of genes that occur on the sex chromosomes
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sex-linked inheritance
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three domains of living things
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domain bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
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organisms in domain bacteria and archaea
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organisms with prokaryotic cells
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organisms in domain eukarya
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organisms with eukaryotic cells (larger)
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four kingdoms within domain eukarya
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kingdom protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia
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first line of defense
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non-specific system of external barriers such as skin, sweat, saliva, tears etc.
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second line of defense
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non-specific and entirely inside the body, such as white blood cells and the inflammatory response
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third line of defense
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immune system
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long thin combination of DNA and protein molecules
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chromatin
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the chromatin becomes packed into this when the cell is dividing
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chromosome
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chromosomes duplicate before the divison process begins and consists of these two copies
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sister chromatids
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sister chromatids are two identical chromosomes connected at this point
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centromere
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stop and go ahead signals to prevent undesirable cell division
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control system
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these tumors can often be completely removed by surgery
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benign
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tumors capable of moving to new sites in the body
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malignant
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malignant tumors move to new sites in the body
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metastasis
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cancer treatments that are referred to as slash, burn, and poison
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surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
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most cells will only divide if they have a solid surface on which to attach and anchor themselves
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anchorage dependence
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when growing on a surface, animal cells will multiply to form a single layer and usually stop dividing when they touch one another
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density-dependent inhibition
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genes that cause cancer
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oncogenes
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normal gene that has the potential to become a concer-causing oncogene
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proto-oncogene
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chemical or physical agents that can cause changes in DNA (cancer)
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mutagen (carcinogens)
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leading cause of death from cancer
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lung cancer
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most common but most treatable form of cancer
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skin cancer
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second most common type of cancer and is slow-growing
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prostate cancer
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father of genetics
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gregor mendel
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methods used to produce new combinations of genes, usually involving the insertion of a gene from one organism into the DNA of another organism
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recombinant DNA technology
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