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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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replication fork
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y shaped region where parental strands of DNA are being unwound
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helicases
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enzymes that untwist th edouble helix at replication forks, separating two parental strand and making available as template
do not initiate synthesis polynucleotide, only add nucleotides that already exist |
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single strand binding proteins
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bind to unpaired DNA strands, stabilize them
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topisomerase
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helps relieve the extra twisting strain of head of replication fork by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
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primer
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initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis
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primase
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synthesizes primer, short strand RNA in DNA synthesis
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DNA plymerase
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catalyze synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to pre existing chain
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leadign strand
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5'3' synthesized toward replication fork continuously
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lagging strand
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elongates 5'3' in fragments away from replication fork, discontinuously
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okazaki fragments
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fragments of lagging strand 5'3' direction away from replication fork, that are then added to DNA
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DNA poll III
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parental DNA as template, synthesizes new DNA strand by covalently adding nucleotides to 3' end of pre existing DNA strand or RNA primer
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DNA pol I
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removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
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DNA ligase
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joins 3/ end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand
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mismatch repair
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enzymes move and relpace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors
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nuclease
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segment of the strand containing the damage is cut out by this DNA enzyme
gap then filled with nucleotides using undamaged strand as template |
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nucleotide excision repair
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involved in filling in gaps of DNA
DNA polymerase & DNA ligase |
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character
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observable & heritable feature
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trait
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one variant of genetic character
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phenotype
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physical and physiological traits of an organism, determined by genetic makeup
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genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism
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