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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define energy |
The ability to do work or bring about change |
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Life on earth is dependent upon ____. |
Solar energy |
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_____ provides nutrients for the majority of organisms |
Photosynthesis |
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What are the 2 MAIN forms of energy? |
Kinetic & potential |
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What is kinetic energy? |
The energy of motion |
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What is potential energy? |
Stored energy (like food) |
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What are the 2 SPECIFIC forms of energy based off the main forms? |
Mechanical & chemical |
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What is mechanical energy? |
Energy of motion (like walking) |
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What is chemical energy? |
Energy stored in chemical bonds. (Carbohydrates, ATP) |
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What is chemical energy? |
Energy stored in chemical bonds. (Carbohydrates, ATP) |
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What are the 3 steps in the flow of energy? |
1) plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis 2) animals eat the plants and they both convert a portion of energy to do work by cellular respiration 3) eventually all solar energy is absorbed by the plant and dissipates as heat |
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What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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What is the second law of thermodynamics? |
Energy cannot be changed without a loss of usable energy |
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What kind of energy is not useful? |
Heat energy |
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What is entropy? |
Disorganization |
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How do energy and entropy go together? |
Every energy transformation increases entropy in the world |
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Do cells seek out or avoid entropy? |
Avoid |
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Do more organized cells or less organized cells have more potential energy? |
More organized |
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Define metabolism |
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
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What is catabolism? |
Breaking down molecules |
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What is anabolism? |
Building molecules |
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What are reactants? |
Substances that participate ins chemical reaction (input) |
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What are products? |
Substances that form as a result of a chemical reaction (output) |
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What is an exergonic reaction and what happens? |
Energy is released. Breaks down ATP to form ADP |
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What is an endergonic reaction and what happens? |
Requires an input of energy. Creation of ATP from ADP |
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What is ATP? |
Adenosine triphosphate. The "currency" of cells, used for everything |
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What is ATP generated from? |
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + a phosphate molecule |
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ATP can be used by cells for ___. |
Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work |
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What is a coupled reaction? |
Energy from a exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction |
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_____ are a series of linked reactions. |
Metabolic pathways |
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What are enzymes? |
Proteins that function at catalysts to speed up chemical reactions |
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Enzymes _____ the energy of activation. |
Lower. Speed up reaction rate. |
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What is Ea? |
Energy of activation; energy that must be added to cause reactants to react with each other |
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What is the reactant that enzymes modify? |
Substrate |
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What is the part of the enzyme the substrate attaches to? |
Active site |
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What is it called when the enzymes shifts a little to make the substrate fit properly? |
Induced fit model |
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What is synthesis in enzymes? |
The substrates combine to produce a larger product |
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What is degradation in enzymes? |
The substrate is broken down to smaller products |
