Bio Exam #2

Front 1

Lipid raft

Back 1

high cholesteral,large number of protiens,

Front 2

phospholipids

Back 2

Made in smooth ER
-”stuffed” into the ER
membrane
-ER buds off and fuses
to plasma membrane

Front 3

cytoskeleton

Back 3

Membrane proteins:
-often interact with cytoskeleton
-can limit mobility of the
membrane proteins
-Gets messy quick
pg 70-71

Front 4

Flippase

Back 4

the flip flop of lipds from leaflet to the other

Front 5

Integral Proteins

Back 5

cannot be resolved unless disovled by organic solvent

Front 6

Transmebrane protiens

Back 6

are in the tails, dont like water, stabilize with hydrogen

Front 7

Periphial protiens

Back 7

in the poler heads like water

Front 8

Cholesteral

Back 8

functioning chiefly as a protective agent in the skin and myelin sheaths of nerve cells
cold=squish; hot-hard in the cell

Front 9

Glycolipds, glyco protiens

Back 9

carb attahced to the lipid to make protiens, and same as to make protiens

Front 10

cell adhesion, regulation

Back 10

adhesion-handshake, regulation-recognition

Front 11

Tight junctions

Back 11

restric movement in the cells, hug

Front 12

Desomes

Back 12

allow movment, “spot welds”
‐plaque
‐kera?n intermediate filaments

Front 13

Gap junctions

Back 13

Connect the cytoplasm of cells
Allows cells to communicate
Small pore: only ions or small molecules

Front 14

Diffusion

Back 14

high to low concentration

Front 15

Simple Diffusion

Back 15

pass strate through the membrane, no energy needed

Front 16

Facilited Diffusion

Back 16

has the gate needs energy

Front 17

Osmosis

Back 17

low concetration to a high concentration

Front 18

Hypertonic solution

Back 18

concentration of the cell is higher inside

Front 19

Hypotonic solution

Back 19

concentration of the cell is higher outside

Front 20

Isotonic

Back 20

both sides of the mebrane are equal

Front 21

Passive Transport

Back 21

-No energy involved
-Diffusion
1. Simple
2. Facilitated

Front 22

Active Transport

Back 22

-Requires energy
Primary: ATP
Secondary: Indirect use of ATP

Front 23

Trasporters

Back 23

‐primary (Na/K pump)
‐secondary (Na/Glucose transporter)

Front 24

Bulk transport

Back 24

Endo, Exocytosis: role of ac?n
‐phagocytosis
‐pinocytosis
‐receptor mediated

Front 25

Combustion

Back 25

rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and, usually, light

Front 26

Resperation

Back 26

process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules

Front 27

Catalyst

Back 27

an agent that speeds up a chemical reaction with out being consumed

Front 28

Enzyme

Back 28

protien molecules that speed up chemical reaction

Front 29

Substrate

Back 29

slows doew the reaction

Front 30

Potential Energy

Back 30

Stored energy
-chemical bonds
-concentration gradients

Front 31

Kinetic Energy

Back 31

Energy being used for work
-Na/K pump
-chemical reactions

Front 32

Anabolic Reactions

Back 32

Synthesis
-input energy
-store the energy

Front 33

Catabolic Reactions

Back 33

Breakdown
-release the stored energy
-use the energy for work

Front 34

Enthalpy =

Back 34

Free energy + Entropy x Temperature

Front 35

ATP

Back 35

Free energy intermediate:
-chemical potential energy

Front 36

Common Enzymes

Back 36

Hydrolases
Synthases
Kinases
ATPases

Front 37

Enzymes

Back 37

-Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
-All reactions would take place eventually, but slower

Front 38

Catalyst

Back 38

-substance that speeds up a reaction, but is not altered by the reaction

Front 39

Hydrolases

Back 39

catalyze hydrolytic cleavage

Front 40

Synthases

Back 40

sythesize molecules
-DNA polymerase
-RNA polymerase
-Ribosomes

Front 41

Kinase

Back 41

add phosphate group to a molecule

Front 42

Phosphatase

Back 42

removes a phosphate group from molecules

Front 43

“Lock-and-key Model”

Back 43

-Enzyme considered static

Front 44

“Induced-fit Model”

Back 44

-Enzymes are dynamic:
change conformation
with binding
-Change conformation after the
reaction: release product

Front 45

Competitive inhibition

Back 45

Inhibitor binds to
active site

Front 46

Non-competitive inhibition:

Back 46

Inhibitor binds to
unique site

Front 47

Oxidation

Back 47

lose electrons

Front 48

Reduction

Back 48

gain electron

Front 49

Fermentation

Back 49

running, when you lack oxygen

Front 50

Photosynthies

Back 50

using the sun to make the energy

Front 51

Fluorescence:

Back 51

give off heat and light energy
‐light is usually a longer
wavelength

Front 52

Energy transfer

Back 52

‐store energy in the form of
chemical bonds

Front 53

Light reactons:

Back 53

require
photons of light

Front 54

Dark reactions:

Back 54

indirectly require light