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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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usually arises in children
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non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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usually occurs after 40 years of age and is more common in the obese
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systolic blood pressure
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the higher number of blood pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
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diastolic blood pressure
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the lower number of blood pressure that exists between contractions of the heart when the heart is relaxing
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low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
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low in protein and distributes both the cholesterol synthesized by the liver and from the diet
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high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
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contains more protein than cholesterol and take excess cholesterol from the body and return it to the liver
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amenorrhea
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menstruation stops
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leptin
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protein secreted by fat cells
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thermoregulation
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regulation of temperature
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endotherms
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organisms with the ability to maintain a body temperature that is warmer than the surrounding environment
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ectotherms
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organisms that obtain their body heat primarily by absorbing it from their surroundings
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vascular system
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system of tubes that carries blood to and from the heart
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hypertension
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chronic high blood pressure caused by arteries that are narrowed by constant psychological stress
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pulmonary circuit
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circulates the blood into the lungs
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systemic circuit
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pumps blood to the rest of the body
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atherosclerosis
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the buildup of material on the walls of the arteries
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asteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries
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cellular respiration
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process where cells take in sugars and oxygen, oxidize the sugars to release energy, then give off carbon dioxide and water as waste products
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aerobic
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with oxygen
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anaerobic
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without oxygen
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phosphorylation
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adds a phosphate
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stroma
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thick fluid that houses some of the enzymes of photosynthesis
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thylakoids
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disk-like membranous structures
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grana
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thylakoids stacked on top of each other
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chlorophyll
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millions of pigment molecules on the surface of the thylakoid membrane that absorb energy from the sun
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guard cells
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two kidney-bean-shaped cells that surround stomatal openings
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transpiration
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the process of water moving out of the plant through the stomatal opening
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transcription
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producing the copy of the required gene (first step)
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translation
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decoding the copied RNA sequence and producing the protein for which it codes (second step)
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codons
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sequences of mRNA that are 3 nucleotides long and encode an amino acid
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protein synthesis
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process our cells use when they use the recipes stored in DNA in order to manufacture proteins
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natural selection
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process that ensures that individuals that are best suited for the environment will breed and make more individuals with those traits
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genotype
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sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA (ATCG)
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phenotype
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physical aspects of an organism
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