Bio Exam 2

Front 1

Monocyte

Back 1

Large phagocytic blood cell with one nucleus

Front 2

Macrophage Large

Back 2

white blood cell derived from monocyte, eats bacteria and other foreign mater

Front 3

Mast cell

Back 3

immune cell in tissues taht releases histamine to start a local inflamation

Front 4

Eosinophil

Back 4

a white blood cell that attacks parasites

Front 5

Neutrophil

Back 5

the most abundent white blood cell , responds to infection and engulfs bacteria

Front 6

Basophil

Back 6

its a white blood cell that releases histamine

Front 7

Phagocytosis -

Back 7

phagocyte runs to the bacteria, then wraps it with a membrane then create

Front 8

Complement protein

Back 8

proteins in blood that complememnt aka inhance or destroy bacteria like antibodies

Front 9

Histamine

Back 9

substance produced by immune cells that causes cappilaries to open up

Front 10

location of lymph system points

Back 10

Spleen, chest, neck, abdomen and pelvis

Front 11

Inflamatory response to injury

Back 11

1.Damaged cells and mast cells in the area release histamine
and other substances
2.Complement proteins from plasma diffuse out of leaky capillaries.
3.Phagocytes squeeze through capillary walls, attack and engulf bacteria and debris.

Front 12

Third line of defense

Back 12

The Immune response

Front 13

characteristics of the immune response

Back 13

Recognizes foreign bacterium and pathogens, has a memory

Front 14

Antigen

Back 14

any substance that triggers an immune response

Front 15

Phagocytosis

Back 15

1.Wastes and debris are
discarded.
2.Phagocyte surrounds
bacterium.
3.Bacterium becomes
enclosed in vesicle.
4.Vesicle fuses with lysosomes
5.Lysosomal enzymes
digest bacterium.
6.Wastes and debris are
discarded.

Front 16

MHC

Back 16

Major Histocompatibility Complex proteins
Self-antigens that are on human cell surfaces enabling recognition of “self”

Enable immune system to distinguish “self” from “nonself”

Front 17

B lymphocytes

Back 17

already in the body and respond to foreign substances in the blood
they stay in the bone marrow and can travel through the cardiovascular system

Front 18

T lymphocytes

Back 18

Cell-mediated immunity
they migrate to the and mature in the
coordinate the immuse response
active against parasityes and virus
both have orginated by stem cells

Front 19

When B cells activated, they divide into two cell types

Back 19

Memory cells – store information for future immune responses

Plasma cells – actively secrete antibodies that bind to antigen

Front 20

T cells

Back 20

Originate from stem cells in the bone marrow
Mature in Thymus gland

Front 21

Types of T cells

Back 21

Helper T cells and Memory T cells

Cytotoxic T cells and Suppressor T cells

Front 22

APCs include

Back 22

Macrophages
B cells

Front 23

pericardium is

Back 23

the membrane sap that fills with fluid around the heart providing lubrication so the heart doesnt rub against other organs

Front 24

Artery

Back 24

is a blood vessel that carries away from the heart

Front 25

viens

Back 25

carry blood to the heart

Front 26

Arteole

Back 26

is a small artery

Front 27

a venule is

Back 27

a small vien

Front 28

Cappulery is

Back 28

the smallest blood vessles in the body thats where the body exchanges gasses and food stuffs and where the cells are working

Front 29

A sphincter is

Back 29

a ring like muscle that can lock down to prevent backflow of the blood
after going thru the sphincter the blood goes through the capularies and then heads to the viens

Front 30

White blood cells called

Back 30

leukcyes

Front 31

Red blood cells

Back 31

erythocytes, when they go thru the cappulary they are squeezed then pop out in a ring
Platlets form clots to prevent bleeding

Front 32

Coronary arteries and caronary viens

Back 32

very fine that go from the aorta that provide the heart oxygen itself

Front 33

cardiac cycle-

Back 33

diastolye
ventrical systole
when the heart retracts

a lub is the closing of the valves during the systole
a dub is the closing of semi lunar valves during diastole

SA refering to Syno atrial nov
Cardiac pacemaker

sys relax
dys retract

Front 34

Four primary tissues

Back 34

Epithelia
Connective tissues
Muscle
Nervous

Front 35

Epithelial Tissues

Back 35

Line body cavities and cover surfaces
Glandular epithelia
Epithelial cells adapted to make up glands
Exocrine glands
Secrete into ducts to exterior of body
Endocrine glands
Secrete into the blood to carry chemical messages throughout the body

Front 36

Shape
Squamous

Epithelial

Back 36

Flattened cells
Line vessels, part of lungs, body surface

Front 37

Cuboidal

Epithelial

Back 37

Cube shaped
Form lining of tubules, glandular tissue

Front 38

Columnar

Epithelial

Back 38

Column shaped
Line respiratory, digestive, reproductive tracts

Front 39

Number of layers
Simple/single–layered epithelial

Back 39

Adapted for diffusion across cell barriers
Line glands, and respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems

Front 40

Stratified/multiple–layered

Back 40

Provide protection, as in the skin surface