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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is matter? |
Any material that takes up space |
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What is the smallest matter? |
Atoms |
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What are atoms combined? |
Elements |
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What are three types of atoms? |
Protons Electrons Neutrons |
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Protons |
Positive charge |
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Neutrons |
Neutral charge |
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Electrons |
Negative charge |
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Define atomic number |
The number of protons found in the nucleus |
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What makes elements on the periodic table neutral? |
The elements are neutral bc they have an equal number of protons and electrons |
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Define ion |
An element that has lost or gained electrons |
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Define mass number |
The total number of protons and neutrons in an element's nucleus |
3protons and 3 neutrons =6 The element's mass number is 6 |
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Isotope |
An atom that has lost or gained a neutron |
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Atomic weight |
The average mass of all the isotopes |
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Molecule |
Multiple atoms chemically joined together |
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Compound |
A molecule made of more than one element |
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Orbital are |
The most likely location of an electron. Can hold 2 electrons |
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Energy shell |
Group of orbitals that share the same level |
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Valence shell |
The outermost electron shell Atom is most stable when it is full |
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Chemical bond |
The transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
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What are the 3 types of chemical bonds? |
1. Ionic bond 2. Covalent bond 3. Hydrogen bond |
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Define ionic bond |
The type of bond formed when two ions/atoms with opposite charge transfer electrons |
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Define Covalent bond |
The type of bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons |
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What are the 2 types of covalent bonds? |
1. Polar covalent 2. Nonpolar covalent |
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Describe nonpolar covalent bonds |
Atoms share the electrons equally Atoms are the same or similar electronegativity |
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Describe a Polar covalent bond |
-One nucleus pulls the electrons closer/harder -Occurs between highly electronegative atoms and less electronegative atoms. - causes a positive and negative end. -shares unevenly |
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Define hydrogen bond |
A type of bond between two polar covalently bonded compounds. - requires hydrogen and a strong electronegative atom |
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Hydrogen bonds are.. |
-The weakest of the bonds - stabilize molecules |
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What are the six properties of water |
Cohesion Adhesion Dissolves many substances Resist temperature change Water expands Participates in many reactions |
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Define cohesion |
The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other |
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Describe cohesion |
Mechanism- hydrogen bonds - surface tension |
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Define/describe adhesion |
The tendency to form hydrogen bonds with other substances |
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Dissolves many substances |
Solvent, solute, solution. Water is the solvent |
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Water resists temperature change |
High specific beat |
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Water expands as it freezes |
Ice floats |
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Chemical reaction |
Occurs when 2 or more molecules trade their atoms to form different molecules -reactant -products |
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Define Neutral solution |
A solution in which the # of H+ and OH- are equal |
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Define acid |
A solution in which there are more H+ ions than OH- |
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Define base |
A solution in which there are more OH- ions than H+ ions |
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Define/describe organic molecules |
Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen -produced by autographs (plants) - consumed by heterotrophs |
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Define polymer |
Chains of small subunits called monomers Think of like a train |
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Monomers |
Subunits Train car |
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Define dehydration synthesis |
Joins monomers into polymers |
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Condensation |
Water is produced. The monomers(train cars) add to create the polymer(train) |
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Monomer synthesis is a |
Hydrolysis reaction. Water is used |
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Hydrolysis reactions do what? |
Hydrolysis breaks polymers into mononers |
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What are the 4 types of organic molecules? |
1. Carbohydrates 2. Nucleic acids 3. Proteins 4. Lipids |
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Describe carbs |
-simplest organic molecules -contains C,H, & O. Always in a 1:2:1 ration - made of simple sugars and complex carbs |
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What are 2 simple sugars? |
-monosaccharides - disaccharides
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What is a monosaccharide? |
They have one sugar molecule 5 or 6 carbons Differing structure |
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What is a disaccharide? |
-2 monosaccharides -Goes through dehydration synthesis |
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Complex carbs |
Chains of monosaccharides -oligosaccharides -polysaccharides |
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Nucleic acid |
- made of monomers called nucleotides -five carbon sugar -@ least one phosphate group DNA & RNA are nucleic acids |
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DNA |
Made of deoxyribose sugar Nitrogenous bases are Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine |
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RNA |
Made of sugar ribose Nitrogen bases are Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil |
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Nucleic acids |
J |
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How are monomers joined together? |
Through dehydration synthesis(condensation) |
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Protiens |
Made of amino acids |
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What are proteins' monomers called? |
Amino acid |
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Proteins are also |
Have a central carbon with 4 bonds. H Amino group Carboxyl group R group |
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What type of bonds are in protein? |
Peptide bonds |
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Define peptide bonds |
Binds amino acids -dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis |
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Protein folding |
1. Primary structure 2. Secondary structure(hydrogen bonds) 3. Tertiary structure 4. Quaternary structure( interaction of 2 identical proteins) |
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Define prion |
A misfolded protein Mad cow disease |
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Describe lipids |
Hydrophobic Not polymers Extremely diverse structures Still use dehydration synthesis |
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What are the 4 types of lipids? |
Triglycerides Sterols Waxes Phospholipids |
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Triglyceride components are |
3 long hydrocarbon chains(fatty acids) Molecule formed from 3 carbons-(glycerol) |
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Define describe saturated fat |
-Animal fat(bacon, butter) -solid @ room temp. - single bonds connect carbon -straight molecule tails |
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Define describe unsaturated fat |
Liquid at room temp -double bonds connect carbon -plant oils (olive, sunflower, coconut oil) |
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Trans fats |
Partially hydrogenated -makes plant oils solid at room temperature by ADDING HYDROGENS |
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Sterols |
-4 interconnected carbon rings They are vitamin D, cortisone, cholesterol |
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Waxes |
Water repellant -fatty acids combined with hydrocarbons or hydroxide |
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Phospholipids |
Phosphate, glycerol and fatty acid tails. -Hydrophobic and hydrophilic -make up cell membranes |
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