Bio Exam 1

Front 1

1. Which of the following is an important feature of carbon and that makes life possible?
A. Carbon can form a maximum of 8 covalent bonds.
B. Carbon can form a maximum of 6 covalent bonds.
C. Carbon can form a maximum of 4 covalent bonds.
D. Carbon can form a maximum of 2 covalent bonds.
E. None of the choices are possible for carbon.

Back 1

C. Carbon can form a maximum of 4 covalent bonds.

Front 2

2. Which of the following are important features of carbon and the diversity of organic molecules?
A. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other elements.
B. Carbon bonds may occur in multiple different configurations such as linear, ringlike, and highly branched.
C. Carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds with various elements.
D. Carbon bonds are stable at the range of temperatures associated with life.
E. All the choices are correct.

Back 2

E. All the choices are correct.

Front 3

4. Which element(s) is common to all organic molecules?
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. hydrogen
D. carbon
E. both nitrogen and carbon

Back 3

D. Carbon.

Front 4

5. Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but that have different structures are called
A. polymers.
B. isomers.
C. carboyhydrates.
D. hydrocarbons.
E. ring structures.

Back 4

B. Isomers.

Front 5

6. Which of the following has identical molecular formulas but different structures and characteristics?
A. isomers
B. sterioisomers
C. enantiomers
D. isomers, but not sterioisomers
E. isomers, sterioisomers, and enantiomers

Back 5

E. Isomers, Sterioisomers, and enantiomers.

Front 6

7. Organic molecules with identical molecular formulas and that are structurally mirror images of each other are most specifically referred to as
A. polymers.
B. mimics.
C. enantiomers.
D. hydrocarbon rings.
E. saturated fatty acids.

Back 6

C. Enantiomers.

Front 7

8. Which of the molecules is polar and acts like a base?
A. R-NH2
B. R-CO-R
C. R-OH
D. R-PO4
E. R-SH

Back 7

A. R-NH2

Front 8

9. Which functional group characterizes alcohols?
A. NH2
B. COOH
C. PO4
D. SH
E. OH

Back 8

E. OH

Front 9

10. Which functional group forms covalent bonds and contributes to tertiary structure of proteins?
A. NH2
B. COOH
C. PO4
D. SH
E. OH

Back 9

D. SH

Front 10

11. Fuels such as gasoline are nonpolar and high in energy because they are largely composed of
A. sulfates.
B. hydrocarbons.
C. carboxylic acids.
D. amines.
E. carbonyls.

Back 10

B. Hydrocarbons.

Front 11

12. Which of the following macromolecules are polymers?
A. lipids
B. carboyhydrates
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
E. All of the choices are correct.

Back 11

E. All of the choices are correct.

Front 12

13. All are true about a dehydration reaction EXCEPT which of the following?
A. Results in removal of a water molecule.
B. Essential for the breakdown of complex molecules to simple ones.
C. Essential to the formation of polymers.
D. Essential for the formation of glycogen from glucose monomers.
E. Essential for the formation of triglycerides (fat) from glycerol and fatty acids.

Back 12

B. Essential for the breakdown of complex molecules to simple ones.

Front 13

14. Glycogen is to animal cells as ________ is to plant cells.
A. lipid
B. cellulose
C. starch
D. protein
E. sugar

Back 13

C. Starch.

Front 14

15. A monomer is to a polymer, as glucose is to
A. lipids.
B. carboyhydrates.
C. nucleic acids.
D. proteins.
E. None of the choices are correct.

Back 14

B. Carbohydrates.

Front 15

16. A disaccharide, such as maltose, consists of two molecules of glucose linked by what type of bond?
A. phosphodiester
B. glycosidic
C. steroid
D. peptide
E. None of the choices are correct.

Back 15

B. Glycosidic.

Front 16

17. Amongst all others, which is the largest macromolecule?
A. monosaccharide
B. disaccharide
C. polysaccharide
D. glucose
E. sucrose

Back 16

C. Polysaccharide.

Front 17

18. Which of these is NOT a lipid?
A. phospholipid
B. cholesterol
C. steroids
D. glycogen
E. wax and oils

Back 17

D. Glycogen.

Front 18

19. Which of the following is NOT a property of fat or of fatty acids?
A. They are soluble in water.
B. The source of variation in fat molecules is the fatty acid composition.
C. Fatty acids can vary in number and location of C-C double bonds.
D. Fatty acids may vary in length.
E. Fats can be liquid or solid at room temperature, depending on fatty acid composition.

Back 18

A. They are soluble in water.

Front 19

20. Which is TRUE about amphipathic molecules when placed in an aqueous solution?
A. The interior portion is composed of hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains.
B. The outside portion is composed of hydrophilic head groups.
C. The interior portion is composed of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains.
D. The interior portion of the micelle is composed of hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains and the outside portion of hydrophilic head groups.
E. The interior portion is composed of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains and the outside portion of hydrophilic head groups.

Back 19

E. The interior portion is composed of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains and the outside portion of hydrophilic head groups.

Front 20

21. This class of macromolecules serves as important energy stores and is a major component of plasma membranes.
A. lipids
B. carbohydrates
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
E. ions

Back 20

A. Lipids.

Front 21

22. Amphipathic molecules
A. possess only hydrophilic properties.
B. possess only hydrophobic properties.
C. possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
D. possess neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic properties.
E. tend not to interact with other molecules.

Back 21

C. possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Front 22

23. Which of the molecules below is NOT a subunit for building macromolecules?
A. glucose
B. amino acids
C. steroid
D. fatty acid
E. nucleotides

Back 22

C. Steroid.

Front 23

24. Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?
A. a fat that is solid at room temperature
B. butter
C. beef fat
D. bacon grease
E. olive oil

Back 23

E. Olive Oil.

Front 24

25. What is the main difference between a fat (triglyceride) and a phospholipid?
A. A fat has 4 fatty acids attached to glycerol, whereas a phospholipid has 3.
B. A fat has 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol, whereas a phospholipid has 4.
C. A phospholipid has 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol, whereas a fat has 3.
D. A phospholipid has 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol, whereas a fat has 2.
E. None of the above are true.

Back 24

C. A phospholipid has 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol, whereas a fat has 3.

Front 25

26. Which of the following macromolecules is composed of amino acids?
A. lipids
B. carboyhydrates
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
E. All of the choices are correct.

Back 25

D. Proteins.

Front 26

27. With regard to protein structure, which level determines all others?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. hepternary

Back 26

A. Primary.

Front 27

28. What level of protein structure, characterized by coils and folds, results from hydrogen bonding between carboxyl and amino groups of the polypeptide chain?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. both secondary and quaternary

Back 27

B. Secondary.

Front 28

29. Acetic acid gives vinegar its sour taste. Which functional group has acidic properties and would release hydrogen ions in an aqueous (water) solution?
A. -OH
B. -NH2
C. -SH
D. -COOH
E. -CO

Back 28

D. -COOH

Front 29

30. Which portion of an amino acid is unique among the different amino acids?
A. carboxyl
B. amino
C. hydrocarbon
D. the side chain or R-group
E. peptide bonding

Back 29

D. the side chain or R-group

Front 30

31. Which macromolecule has the highest diversity of functions?
A. carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
E. glycolipids

Back 30

B. proteins

Front 31

32. The tertiary structure of a protein is dependent on
A. the side chain composition of each amino acid within the protein.
B. hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl and amino groups within the polypeptide chain.
C. the interactions of multiple polypeptide chains that make up a functional protein.
D. the way in which the peptide bond forms.
E. the degree through which the dehydration reaction occurs.

Back 31

A. the side chain composition of each amino acid within the protein.

Front 32

33. Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which red blood cells of patients exhibit a characteristic "sickle" shape. This arises from a mutation or change in one of the amino acids found in hemoglobin. Knowing this, what level of protein structure is most directly affected by this single amino acid mutation?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. None of the choices are correct.

Back 32

A. primary

Front 33

34. Which is true of the nucleotide base composition within the DNA double helix?
A. G=A
B. T=C
C. T+A=C+G
D. T+G=A+C
E. A=U

Back 33

C. t+a=c+g

Front 34

35. If a specimen contains 30% adenine in its DNA then how much cytosine will there be?
A. 40%
B. 30%
C. 20%
D. 10%
E. Cannot be determined.

Back 34

C. 20%

Front 35

36. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes structural differences between DNA and RNA?
A. RNA is a protein, while DNA is a nucleic acid.
B. RNA is a polymer, but DNA is not.
C. DNA contains a different sugar than RNA.
D. RNA is a double helix, but DNA is not.
E. All the bases in DNA differ from those in RNA.

Back 35

C. DNA contains a different sugar than RNA.

Front 36

37. An amino acid is to a protein as a ________ is to a nucleic acid.
A. glucose
B. glycerol
C. nucleotide
D. fatty acid
E. cellulose

Back 36

C. Nucleotide

Front 37

38. Which is true of the base pairing seen between two DNA strands?
A. Adenine bonds with guanine.
B. Guanine bonds with thymine.
C. Thymine bonds with cytosine.
D. Cytosine bonds with guanine
E. Guanine bonds with thymine.

Back 37

D. Cytosine bonds with guanine

Front 38

39. Friedrich Wöhler refuted the scientific concept of vitalism during the early 1800s by proving that organic molecules could be synthesized outside a living organism.

Back 38

TRUE

Front 39

40. Since carbon and hydrogen share similar electronegativities they will form nonpolar molecules when combined.

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

41. Macromolecules such as lipids and carbohydrates are produced from simple subunits through condensation reactions.

Back 40

TRUE

Front 41

42. The sole function of carbohydrates is to serve as energy stores.

Back 41

false

Front 42

43. If sucrose is composed of both glucose and fructose then sucrose must be a monosaccharide.

Back 42

false

Front 43

44. Lipids and carbohydrates have similar functions insofar as they can represent a form of energy store in animals.

Back 43

TRUE

Front 44

45. Saturated fats are composed of fatty acids with several double bonded carbons.

Back 44

FALSE

Front 45

46. When a food label reads polyunsaturated fats, this refers to fatty acids composed of multiple double bonded carbons.

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

47. Proteins can have separate domains with distinct structures and function.

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

48. The primary structure of a protein ultimately determines its three-dimensional structure.

Back 47

TRUE

Front 48

49. All amino acids within a protein are either polar charged or polar uncharged.

Back 48

FALSE

Front 49

50. The four nucleotide bases found in DNA are identical to those in RNA.

Back 49

FALSE