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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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monomers
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fatty acids and glycerol,
glucose, g-c and a-t amino acids |
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macromolecule
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lipids,
carbs, nucleic acid, prorein |
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examples
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fats, phospholipids,
starch, DNA protein, enzymes |
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phospholipids are amphipathic
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hydrophilic (head)
hydrophobic (tail) |
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receptor proteins
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receive messages
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enzymes
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catalyze
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ion channels
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cell gates,
salts, sugars, calcium |
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glycocalyx
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name tag for the cell,
important for immune function |
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microvilli
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digestive system,
intestine, tongue |
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cilia
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respiratory
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cilia
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respiratory
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flagella
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mobile cells
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nucleus
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double membrane w pores,
traffic in and out of nucleus, houses DNA |
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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branches out from nuclear membrane,
surface has ribosomes makes phospholipids |
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smooth ER
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branches out from NM/RER
surface lacks ribosomes, makes lipids, some hormones & carbs detoxifies |
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ribosomes
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embedded in RER
synthesizes proteins |
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Golgi apparatus
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post office
receives proteins from RER sorts, cuts & splices adds carbs packages proteins for shipping makes lysosomes |
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lysosomes
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digestive enzymes
turn macromolecules into monomers digests pathogens/ worn organelles autophagy |
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autophagy
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self-eating
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autolysis
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self-separating or breakdown
programmed cell death |
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mitochondria
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double membrane
powerhouse of cell aerobic cellular respiration makes ATP |
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ATP
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every physiological process is fueled by ATP
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Anthony Atala
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wake forest univ
first human bladder 2007 w Harvard harvested stem cells from amniotic fluid |
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cytoskeleton
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network of fiber-line proteins in cytoplasm
structural and mechanical support cell shape movement of organelles |
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chromosome
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highly coiled DNA containing many genes
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chromatid
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one of two identical copies of DNA
"the leg" form familiar chromosome shape when duplicated "2 legs" |
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centromere
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point of attachment for sister chromatids
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G1 (interphase)
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one chromatid per chromosome
"gap 1" |
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S (interphase)
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synthesis...DNA replication
still 46 but 2 chromatids/chromosome |
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G2 (interphase)
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last minute protein synthesis
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prophase
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nuclear membrane disintegrates
appearance of centromeres, spindle fibers (as part of cytoskeleton) |
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up
spindles attach to centromeres |
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anaphase
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spindles contract
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telephase
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nuclei (re)form
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cytokinesis
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actual splitting into two cells
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gene
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section of DNA
nucleotide sequence: like a recipe for anatomy |
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nucleotides
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A-adenine
G-guanine C-cystosine T-thymine |
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alleles
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variations of same gene
Aa |
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incomplete dominance
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hetero is an intermediate between homo dominant and recessive
eg hypercholesterolemia |
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codominance
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2 or more dominant alleles
individual may express both phenotypes eg bloodtype |
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polygenic inheritance
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up to 3 genes cause 1 phenotype
eg skin color |
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epistasis
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one gene modifies the effect of another gene
eg albinoism |
