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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the endocrine system do?
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it is responsible for chemical regulation. stimuli may cause certain glands to secrete hormones which cause other parts of the body to respond
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hormones
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chemical messengers that cause other parts of the body to respond
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what does the endocrine system include?
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the endocrine glands and their hormones
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ductless glands
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the glands of the endocrine system that release hormones directly into the blood stream
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target tissue
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each hormone acts on a certain kind of tissue called target tissue
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where is the pituitary gland and what hormone does it secrete?
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at the base of the brain---growth hormone
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what does the growth hormone do?
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stimulates elongation of long bones of the body and affects metabolism
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what happens if growth hormone is oversecreted or undersecreted?
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over- giantism (childhood)
acromegaly (enlarge of body parts in adults) under- dwarfism in children |
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what hormone does the thyroid gland secrete and where is it?
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located in the neck---secretes thyroxin
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what does thyroxin do?
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regulates rate of metabolism--essential for normal physical and mental development
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what happens it thyroxin os over in under secreted?
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over-nervousness, weight loss
-under-in children- mental retardation and small size |
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goiter
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enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by an iodine defficiency
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location of parathroid gland and what it secretes
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embedded in back of thyroid gland--secretes parathormone
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what does parathormone do?
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controls metabolism of calcium, necessary for normal nerve and muscle function, blood clotting, healthy bones and teeth
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what happens when parathormone is undersecreted?
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nerve disorders, brittle bones, clotting problems
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what does adrenal secrete and where is it located?
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located on top of each kidney---secretes cortisone and adrenaline
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what does cortisone do?
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regulates carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism, promotes conversion of fats and proteins to glucose
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what does adrenaline do?
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raises blood sugar level and increases heartbeat and breathing rates
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what happens when there is an over and undersecretion of cortisone?
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oversecretion--Cushing's disease (high blood glucose levels, excess fat)
undersecretion- Addison's disease (low blood glucose level, weight loss) |
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what does adrenaline do?
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raises blood sugar level and increases heartbeat and breathing rates
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what happens when there is an undersecretion of adrenaline?
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the inability to deal with stress
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where is the islets of Langerhans located and what does it secrete?
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located in the pancreas and secretes insulin and glucagon
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what does insulin do?
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stimulates glucose uptake by cells
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what happens when there is an under and oversecretion of insulin?
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over- low blood sugar
under-diabetes (high blood sugar) |
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what does glucagon do?
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promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose
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what happens when there is an oversecretion of glucagon?
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high blood sugar
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