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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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initial site of gastulation in amphibian
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gray crescent
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this becomes anus, the infolding thru which blastula cells migrate during gastrulation in amphibian
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blastopore
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the primitive gut (digestive track)that result from gastulation
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archenteron
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can't protein self replicate?
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no
DNA is the only molecule capable of self replication |
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this is secondary messenger
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CAMP
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this is triggered after receptor binds a ligand. ligand will bind their membrane receptor
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CAMP
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this convert ATP to AMP
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adenylate cyclase
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adenylate cyclase is located?
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in inner layer of phospholipid bilayer
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carry the chemical stimulus into the cytoplasm and griggering a response
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secondary response
cAMP |
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lac operon is a set of control and structural gen in
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E coli
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group of ribosome making lots of the same polypeptide
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polysome
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t or f
enzyme may interact with non-protein molecule in order to have a biological activity |
true
enzyme have to interact with cofactors such as vitamis or ions for optical activity |
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enzyme activity is affected by genetic mutation
t or f |
true
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adrenal cortex is from
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mesoderm
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what is paramicium
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single cell protist
contain nucleus |
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if 18O-labled glucose is given to a rat where will the alble first appear?
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exhaled CO2
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capillary bed of SI to vein to capillary bed in liver
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heptic portal system
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two capillary bed in the hypothalamus and anterior pituary
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hypothalamic portal system
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this brings releasing factors fro the hypothalamus othe anterior pituary
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hypothalamic portal system
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an orange pigment that is the precursor of vitamin A
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carotene (which is not steriod)
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cortisol, chlorestro, vitamin D, testastrone are
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steroid
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peptide hormone is also called
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ligand (can't pass thru mem)
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lipid derived
has ring structure lipid soluble thus pass memrane easy |
steriod (hormones)
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short rest period between two cell division of meiosis and druing which the chromosome partially uncoil
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interkinesis
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ability of a single gee to have multiple effect
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pleiotropy
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phenomenon in which one gene alters the expression of another gene tat is independently inhrited
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epistasis
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propotion of individuals who show the phenotype that is that is expected from their genotype
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penetrance
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protein composed of
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CHON (may also contain P and S)
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nucleotide is replaced by an incorrect nucleotide
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point mutation
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when nucleotide is added or deleted
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frameshift
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silient, missense, nonsense mutation?
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point mutation
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when the cell enzymes attempt to repair the damage, there is possibility that DNA POL will replace thymine with an incorrect nucleotide
due to UV mutation |
thymine dimer
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this structure determine the structure of protein
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primary
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single polypeptide to be functional it must be this form?
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tertiary
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the distance btw linked gene is often measured by?
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the probability of crossing over. they are directly proportional
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seperation of maternal and parternal chromosome
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disjunction
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unferterilzed egg from the queen bee develop into male bee thru?
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parthenogenesis
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this cleavage is one that result in cells that maintain the ability to develop into a complete organism
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an indeterminate cleavage
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this clevage result in cells whose future differenciation pathway are determined at an early developmental stage
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determinate cleavage
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kinase
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is an enzyme that phosphorlates
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is an enzyme that phosphorlates
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kinase
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zymogen
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is an enzyme that is secreted in an inacttive form. it is cleaved under certain physiological condition to the active form
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pepsinogen, trpsinogen, chymotrpsinogen which are cleaved in the digestive track to yield the active enzyme pepsin, trypsin nd chymotrpsin
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ex of zymogen
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phosphorylase
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remove phosphate from its substrate
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heart beat is initiated by?
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SA node (pacemaker)
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sa node is located?
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wall of right atrium
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SA node is regulated but not controlled by
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accelerator nerve (sym), vagus nerve (para)
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accelerator nerve (sym), vagus nerve (para)
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SA node is regulated but not controlled by
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this signals bundle of HIS which transports the contraction thru the ventricle via purkinje fiber
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AV node
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a wave of smooth muscle contraction that proceeds along the digestive track
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peristalsis
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in small intestine, () absorb nutrient into both lymphatic system and circulation system
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villi
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in s.i a.a and glucose picked up by?
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blood
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in s.i fats are picked up by
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lacteal
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this is a hormone released by the wall of S.I due to presence of acidic chyme from stomach, it stimulate the gall bladder to release bile and pancrease to release digestive enzyme into duodenum
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cholecystokinin
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depolarization occurs when?
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aftr release of an excitatory neurotransmitter
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this actually makes it more difficult for an action potential to occur
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hyperpolariation
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in fetus, heatopoiesis (production of blood) occurs in
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the liver.
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this act as reservoir for red blood cell and filters the blood
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spleenr
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this receives and sorts sensory input
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reticular activating system
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center for vision, hearing, smell, voluntary movement and memory
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cerebral cortex
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this monitors CO2, Ph and adjust breating, temp and hear rate
center for reflex activities suh as coughing, sneezing, and swallowing |
medulla
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ptyalin
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old name for salivary amylase
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resting muscle has slight contraction known as
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tonus
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constant length and an inc in muscle tension
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isometric contraction
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muscle shortens while the tension remains constant
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isotonic contraction
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t/f
there is no complete recovery before the next sustained contraction |
true
muscle contraction until fatigue b/c of lack of energy or build up of waste occur |
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invertebrate predecessors of the chordates
-have primative vasculr system known as the water vascular system -have no backbone -move with tube feet -heterotrophic -adult radially symmetrical -larvae bilaterally symmetrical |
enchinoderms
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start fish, sea urchin, sea cucumber
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enchinoderms
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crayfish, insects
segmented body chitinous skeleton jointe appendages |
arthropoda
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when the pressure of air within the lung is less than tmospheric
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air ruhes into the lung
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this phylum have dorsal notochord
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chordata
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this subphylum have backbone
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vertebrate
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nonvertebrate chordata whould include
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amhioxus (lancet) or unrelated turnicate
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red blood cell hace no nucleus thus
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can't reproduce, repair themselves or make protein
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this involved in the development, maturation and education of T cell
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thymus
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this controls the basal metabolic rate
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thyroid gland
-thru releaseof thyroxin, it is stimulate b TSH released of anteriorpituary gland |
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semi rigid chord that runs along the dorsal side of the chordates.
it provides support for the organism |
notocord
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notochor remains throughout life of animal
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in lower chodates like amphioxus orthe tunicate
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the notochord exist onlyduring embryonic development then diappear
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in higher chordates like human
this is not vesigial |
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plants that live on the branch of other
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epiphytes
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liche and fungus
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mutualism +/+
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tapeworm
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parasite +/-
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bread mold
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saprophyte (feed on dead animal)
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nematodes
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free living saprophytes or parasites
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this is outer linning of the lung
it is filled with pleual fluid hat lubricates the lung |
pleura
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final community in particular biome sucession (thus have many species)
depends on climate (environment) thus could be relatively stable with given climate |
cimax community
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bone to muscle
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tendon
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bone to bone
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ligament
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