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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nearsightness
image forms infront of retina |
myopia
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farsightness
image forms behind the retina |
hypermetropia
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inc of pressure in the aqueous humor due to the blockaging of the outflow of aqueous humor
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glucoma
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lens become opaque and no light can enter the eye
blindness |
cataracts
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unicellular or colonial free lving symbiotic
heterotropic but some photosyntetic proliferate in moist environment have contractile vacoule, flagella and cillia |
protista
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globular protein tat act as carriers, enzymes and have many other function
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albmins
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fatty acid like carbon chain containing conjugted double bonds and carrying six membered carbon rings at each end
pigments and produce yellow, orange and brown colors in plants and animals |
carotenoids
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AKA phospholipid
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lecithn
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contain glycerol, two fatty acid phosphate group and nitogen containin group
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phospholipids
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hydrostaic pressure is greater at the?
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arterial end
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arteial end (hydro and osmatic pressue??)
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hydrostatic pressure which is greater at he arterial end( much greater than osmotic pressure) drive fluid out of the vessel into the interstitial space
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osmatic pressure is greater at the?
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venule end
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venule end (hydro and osmotic p??)
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osmotic pressure which is greater at venule end drive fluid back into the vessels to be returned to the vessel
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starling's hypothesis
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all of the fluid cannot be returned to vessel
instead fluid travels thru the interstitial space until it is picked up by lymphatic sys. where it is filtered thru the lymph nodes and returned to circulatory system via the thoracic duct |
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this aids in controlling blood pressure in the body
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renin
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renin is release by () in response to ()
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kindey in response to BP falls
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this converts angiotensinogen to angiotenin I
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renin
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this cause release of aldostrone from adrenal cortex
(indirectly) |
renin
which opens ion channel in the convoluted tubule of kidney to inc water resorption |
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renin formed by
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juxoglomerular apparatus in the kidney
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this is lymph vessel which returns lymphatic fluid back to the venous circulation
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thoracic duct
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this is a capillary ball in the nephron were glucose , water, a.a, ions and urea enters while plasma protein and cells remain behind
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glomerulous
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achetylcholin release at
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neuromuscular junction when vesicles cotaining this neurotransmitter merge w/ the membrane
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their mouth formed second and anus is formed first from the blastopore
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deuterostomes
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only two organisms are deuterostomes.
all other organism blastorepore forms the mouth first |
echinoderms and vertebtrates
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enchinoderms (star fish) are considered our invertebrate predecessors b/c
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they are the only organism besides vertebrate that are deuteostomes
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sa node
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atrium to ventricle
heart beat is initiated by SA node |
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AV node
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ventricle to atria
which signals bundle of his which transports the contraction thur purkinge fiber |
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this control contriction of ventricle
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AV node
not as regular as SA node |
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the delay btw contraction of atria and ventricle allows for
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the filling of the ventricle blood from atria
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this is pressure of ventricle
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systolic pressure
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this is the pressure btw contraction
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diastolic pressure
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systolic p is () than diastolic pressure
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higher
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this is rapid motor response
require no input from brain |
reflec arc
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which part of our body convert excess a.a to glucose fat and ammonia
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liver
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which part of our body synthesize angiotensinogen which inc B.P
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liver
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which part of our body break down glycogen to glucose due to singal from glucogen and epineprine
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liver
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cartilaginous structure
prevent food from going down the treachea -it close off respiratory tract by covering glottis |
epiglottis
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which part of our body break down glycogen to glucose due to singal from glucogen and epineprine
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liver
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cartilaginous structure
prevent food from going down the treachea -it close off respiratory tract by covering glottis |
epiglottis
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this is opening at the top of treachea
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glottis
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this is opening at the top of treachea
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glottis
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tongue is
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muscle
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this is voice box located below glottis
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larynx
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used by liver to produce prothrombin whic is clotting protein
fat soluble |
vitamin K
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propr growth of skin, hair, mucus membrane, night vision, bone growth
fat soluble |
vitamin A
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bone and tooth development
absorption of calcium and phosphate from diet fat solube |
vitamin D
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antioxidant, protect cell mem
prevet degradtion of vitamin A fat soluble |
vitamin E
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water soluble vitamin B12
essential for red blood cell formation, and proper functioning of the nervous system |
vitamin B12
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this lead from pacreas to duodenum and carry panreatic enzyme (bicarbonate)
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pancreatic duct
panrea's excocrine function |
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this secreated directly to blood stream in pancreas
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insulin (B) glucagone (A) which is hormone produce by pancreas
endocrine function (directly to the blood) |
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this release action potential to each muscle fiber
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axon
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what happens when action potential reaches the muscle fivr?
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it cause the Ca+2 rom the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate te sliding of the actin and myosin filament
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what is characterization of insects
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chitinous exoskeletons w/ 3 segmented bodies made up of a head, thorax abdomen
-3 pairs of jointed leg -2 pairs of wing -breathe thru treachea tubes |
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this secreates the hormone melatonin which involves in the control of circadium rhythms which also involves in sexual maturation
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pineal gland
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this contains tracts that connect the cerebrum to other parts of the brain
work with medulla for breathing rate |
PONS
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large group of simple eye
characteristics of insects |
compound eye
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temp reg.
sleep/wake cycle water salt balance hunger, sex produce vasoprssin (ADH) oxytocin, TRH and GnRH |
hypothalamus
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this are energy storage molecule locted in muscle fibers. they release the energy utilized during contraction actin and myosin filaments slide along one another
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ATP and phosphocreatin
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chordata but not a vertebrate
they have stiff dorsal rod called notochord. |
amphioxus and tunicate worm to not lose their notochord
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this replace notochord of the embryo and the nerve chord
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vertebrae
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head thorax abdomen
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insects in arthropods
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calcerous shell with soft mantle
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only mullusks (snails slug and clams)
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this triggers reversible behavioral changes in the recipian
sex attractent pheromoesalarm and toxic defense substance |
releaser pheromons
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long term behavioral and physiological alteration in recipient animal
-limit sexual reproduction in reas of high animal density |
primer pheromones
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changes occur after birth in to breath its own
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lung expends with air and rhythmic breathing begins
resistance in pulmonary blood vessel dec, inc flow thru lung BP of inferior vena cava dec causing dec in pressure in right atrium atrial pressure inc due to inc blood flow from the lung inc left atrialpressure, which dec right atrial pressure cause foramen ovale to close ductus arteriosus constricts and later coses permantly ductus venosus degerates and completely clos in 3 month infants begin to produce adults hemoglobin |
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self sustaining
stable abiotic w stabl biotic constant E source a living system system incorporating this E into organic compounds cycling of materials btw the living system and environmen |
stable ecosystem
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top marine biome
low tide variation of temp algae, sponges, claims, snails, star fish, se urchin |
intertidal zone
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middle marine biome
depth up to 600 fet algae, crab, custacea, fish |
littoral zone
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open sea
photic -plankton, fish, sharks, whales aphotic (sunless) |
pelagic zone
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growth of portion sof plants towards or away from gravity
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geotropism (postive and negative)
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occurs as the shoot grows away from the force of gravity
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negative geotropism
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growth of roots towards the pull of gravity
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positive geotropism
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both geotropism occur due to differential concentration of this on upper and lowr side of the plants
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auxin
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new pholem cell is stimulated by
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gibberellins
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type of naturl vegitative propagation and are characterized by woody underground stems
ex fern, irises form of asexual reproduction in plants |
rhizomes
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this is primary invove i water reabsorption. salt and minerals are reabsorbed with this water and bacteria within this produce vitamin K wich is also reabsorbed
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large intestine
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the aquatic environmet necessary for embryonic development in amphibians is replaced in reptile by
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amniotic fluid whch prevent shock
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gas exchange thru egg shell in embryonic membrane
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chorion
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respiration and excretion in embryonic membrane
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allantois
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enclose amniotic fluid
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amnion
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enclose yolk and transfer food to the developing embryo
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yolk sac
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innervate by somatic NS
striated multinucleated |
skeletal muscle
-voluntary movement |
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innervated by autonomic NS
found in digesteve track, bladder, uterus, blood vessel one centrally located nucleus |
smooth muscle
-involuntary |
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innervated by autonomic NS
straited one or two centrally located nucleus |
cardiac muscle
-muscle tissue of heart |
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has digestive sac
one opening (gastrovascular cavity) only ecto and endo have tenticles, stinging cell to catch prey nerve net radial sym |
coelenterates "hydra"
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this hace more speacles than other phylum
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arthropod
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radial sym
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coelenterats (hydra) and echinoderms (star fish)
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gamma globulin is
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antibody
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exhalaton and gas exchange are active or passive process ??
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passive
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relex of diaphragm and external intercostal muscle
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exhalation
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contraction (flaten) of diaphragm and external intercostals
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inhalation
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vein do not have a strong pulse??
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true
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nose, outer ear, skeletal joint and larynx are made of
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cartilage
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arterial end of the capillary bed HP is () than OP thus force fluid out of capillary
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greater
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at the venule end HP is () than OP thus force fluid in to the capillary
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less
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this stimulates bth reabsorption of Na+ from collecting duct and secrtion of K+ (it cause Na+/K+ pumpto be turned on at distal convoluted tubules)
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aldoestone from adrenal cortex
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Na reabsorption inc water reabsorption leading to a rise in blood volume thus rise in
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Blood Pressure and concentrated urine
this is stimulated by angiotensin II |
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swelling along lymph vessel
containing phagocytic cell (leukocyte) that filter the lymph, removing forign particle pathogens |
lymph nodes
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this break down hemogobin
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liver
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this absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins
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lymphatic fluid
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contriction of ventricle
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systole
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constriction of atrium
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diastole
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