Bio-Chp.1: Exploring Life

Front 1

Biosphere

Back 1

consists of all the environments on Earth that support life- most regions of land, bodies of water, and the lower atmosphere

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Ecosystem

Back 2

consists of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact (such as air, soil, water, and sunlight)

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Community

Back 3

the entire array of organisms inhabiting an ecosystem

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Population

Back 4

an individual group of individual of one species

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Organism

Back 5

an individual living thing

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Organ system

Back 6

organs that work together to perform a specific function (such as circulatory system,digestive system, or nervous system)

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Organs

Back 7

work together to perform a specific function

Front 8

Tissues

Back 8

each with a specific function and made up of a group of similar cells

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Cell

Back 9

unit of living matter separated from its environment by a boundary called membrane

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Membrane

Back 10

a boundary that separates the cell from its environment

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Organelle

Back 11

structure that performs a specific function in a cell

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Molecule

Back 12

cluster of atoms held together by chemical bonds

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Atom

Back 13

the smallest particle of ordinary matter

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Producers

Back 14

provide the food for a typical ecosystem (ex. plants and the other photosynthetic organisms)

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Consumers

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eat plants and other animals and they take in oxygen from the air and return carbon dioxide

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Decomposers

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(recyclers) changing the complex dead matter into simple mineral nutrients that plants can use

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Emergent Properties

Back 17

the properties of life that arise from the structural level of a cell

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System

Back 18

complex organization formed by a combination of components

Front 19

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 19

much simpler and usually much smaller than the eukaryotic cell, the cells of the microorganisms we commonly call bacteria are prokaryotic

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Eukaryotic Cell

Back 20

Forms of life such as plants, animals, and fungi are compose of eukaryotic cells. Subdivided by internal membranes into many different functional compartments, or organelles, including the nucleus that houses the cell's DNA

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Properties that are common to all organisms

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Order, Regulation, Growth and Development, Energy Utilization, Response to the Environment, Reproduction, and Evolution

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Order

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all living things exhibit complex organization

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Regulation

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the environment outside an organism may change markedly, but mechanisms regulate an organism's internal environment, maintaining it within limits that sustain life

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Growth and Development

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inherited information carried by genes controls an organism's pattern of growth and development

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Energy Utilization

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organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life's activities

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Response to the Environment

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all organisms respond to environmental stimuli

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Reproduction

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organisms reproduce their own kind

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Evolution

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reproduction underlies the capacity of species to change (evolve) overtime; evolutionary change has been central, unifying feature of life since it arose about 4 billion years ago

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Species

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term used for a particular type of organism

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Taxonomy

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the branch of biology that names and classifies species; arranges them into a hierarchy of broader and broader groups

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Kingdoms

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divides all the diversity of life into 5 kingdoms

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Bacteria

Back 32

a domain that consists of prokaryotes

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Archaea

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a domain that consists of prokaryotes

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Prokaryotes

Back 34

organisms with prokaryotic cells

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Eukaryotes

Back 35

organisms with eukaryotic cells

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Eukarya

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a domain that consists of Eukaryotes

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Theories

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comprehensive ideas

Front 38

Natural Selection

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(mechanism) occurs as heritable variations are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others

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Individual Variation

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individuals in a population vary in many heritable traits

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Overproduction and Competition

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A population of any species has the potential to produce far more offspring of their own; with more individuals than the environment can support, competition is inevitable

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Unequal reproductive success

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From these 2 observations, Darwin inferred that individuals are unequal in their likelihood of surviving and reproducing. Those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the environment will leave the greatest number of healthy, fertile offspring

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Evolutionary Adaptation

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the accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time

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Discovery Science

Back 43

mostly about describing nature

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Hypothesis- based Science

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mostly about explaining nature

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Hypothesis

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tentative answer to some question- an explanation on trial

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Testable

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must be a way to test/check its validity

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Falsifiable

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must be some observation/experiment that could show it is not true

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Controlled Experiment

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one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

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Technology

Back 49

scientific knowledge for some specific propose (inventions)