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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you call reproductive success caused by the enviroment? |
Natural selection |
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What is fitness as it applies to the evolutionary process? |
An organism's contribution to the next generation |
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Define and give an example of an acquired trait |
Not determined by genes- tattoos, scars |
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What do you call the study of the geographical distribution of fossils |
Biogeography |
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What is a fossil |
A trace of a long dead organism |
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Explain the law of superposition |
Layers of rock are deposited on top of one another, so the lower they are, the older they are |
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Phenotype is what an organism looks like. Are similar phenotypes a result of convergent or divergent evolution |
Convergent |
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What is adaptive radiation |
Many related species evolve from a single ancestral species |
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Who was the first person to propose that living things evolve over time |
La Marok |
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Define and give an example of analogous structures |
Serve similar functions, but developed differently- bird and insect wings |
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How does extinction affect the gene pool |
Those genes can no longer be passed on |
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Why do we study fossil records |
Gives us an understanding of where life came from |
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What are some ways organisms of today show their relationship with those in the fossil record |
Body structures |
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What is natural selection |
Organisms best suited to their enviroment reproduce more successfully than others |
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Define and give an example of homologous structures |
Similar features share common origins- forelimbs, arms, flippers |
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What process explains the theory that giraffes with long necks as opposed to shorter necks were more likely to survive and reproduce |
Natural selection |
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How do fossil records support evolution |
Shows how a species changed over time |
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Define and give an example of convergent evolution |
Similar looking but not closely related- sharks and porpoises |
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Is convergent or divergent evolution a pattern where organisms evolve in response to different habitats |
Divergent |
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Give an example of how adaptive radiation can occur |
Varying food |
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Define and give an example of vestigial structures |
When things are nessacary but no longer useful- tailbone, appendix |
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How are health, fitness, and favorable traits related |
For a trait to be favorable, it must increase the overall health of the organism |
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How does breeding of domestic animals like cats or dogs compare to natural selection |
Similar, only faster and not natural |
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***Name and explain 2 of Darwin's theories |
Desent with modifivtaion: New species are modified versions of ancestors/ modifivation by natural selection: shows how organisms with favorable traits are able to reproduce and pass on those traits |
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***How are the embryos of all vertebrates alike |
Backbone, eyes, arm and leg buds, tails |
