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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid-base catalysis
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Catalysis in which the transfer of a proton accelerates a reaction
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Activation Energy
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The free energy required to promote reactants from the ground state to the transition state in a chemical reaction
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Carbanion
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results from the cleavage of a covalent bond between carbon and another atom in which both electrons from the bond remain with the carbon atom
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Carbocation
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Results from the cleavage of a covalent bond between carbon and another atom in which the carbon atom loses both electrons from the bond
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Catalytic Triad
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The hydrogen-bonded serine, histidine, and aspartate residues in the active site of serine proteases and some other hydrolases
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Covalent Catalysis
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Catalysis in which one substrate or part of it forms a covalent bond with the catalyst and then is transferred to a second substrate.
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Electrophilic
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A positively charged or electron-deficient species
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Free Radical
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a molecule or atom with an unpaired electron
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Induced Fit
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A model for activation of an enzyme by a substrate-initiated conformational change
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Mechanism
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a detailed description of the molecular, atomic, and even subatomic events that occur during the reaction
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Nucleophilic
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An electron rich species that is negatively charged or contains unshared electron pairs
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Nucleophilic Substitution
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where a Nucleophile attacks a carbonyl carbon kicking off a leaving group and replacing it
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Transition State
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is an unstable, high-energy state. It has a structure between that of the reactant and of the product
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Reaction
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The step by step atomic or molecular events that occur during a chemical reaction
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Proximity Effect
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The increase in the rate of a non-enzymatic or enzymatic reaction attributable to high effective concentrations of reactants which result in more frequent formation of transitional states
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Transition State Stabilization
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The increased binding of transition states to enzymes relative to the binding of substrates or products. Lower the activation energy and thus contributes to catalysis
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Zymogen
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A catalytically inactive enzyme precursor that must be modified by limited proteolysis to become enzymatically active
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