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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the "currency" of the cell?
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ATP
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What is ATP?
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the most common fuel used in the cell to store and release energy
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Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
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in the matrix of the mitochondria
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Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
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in the inner membrane of the mitochondria AND thylakoid of granum
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
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thylakoid of granum
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What is glycolysis?
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the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing a 3-carbon compound
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Where does glycolisis take place?
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in the cytoplasm of the cell
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How much ATP goes in and is produced in glycolysis?
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2 ATP molecules go in; 4 come out
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Where do 4 high energy electrons go in glycolysis?
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to an electron carrier called NAD+
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What is step 1 of cellular respiration?
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glycolysis
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What is step 2 of cellular respiration?
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the krebs cycle
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Describe the Krebs Cycle:
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C02 is formed; NAD+ is changed to NADH;citric acid is formed; the citric acid breaks down into carbon compounds; FADH2 is formed; ATP is released
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What is the 3rd step in cellular respiration?
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electron transport chain
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What are two electron carriers?
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NADH and FADH
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In the Electron Transport Chain, how is ADP converted into ATP?
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ADP and Phosphate fall into ATP Synthase, which spins when hydrogen touches it. They fall out as ATP
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What is the reverse of the ETC process?
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ATPace
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How many ATPs are made per one molecule of glucose?
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36
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What does fermentation produce?
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lactic acid and alcohol
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What are 7 types of electro-magnetic radiation?
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radiowaves, microwaves, infared, visible light, ultra violet, x-ray, gamma rays
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What are 5 steps of photosynthesis?
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1. Sunlight hits granum and is captured in NADH
2. NADPH goes into Calvin Cycle and is converted to sugar energy 3. H20 comes in 4. C02 comes in. 5. Sugar comes out! |
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What is light?
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wave energy
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What do plants use to absorb sunlight?
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chlorophyll
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"Purple" plants have what that absorb different wave lengths?
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sensory pigments
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In the granum, what is chlorophyll clumped into?
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photosystems
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What 3 things does chlorophyll do?
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1. captures sunlight energy
2. converted into electrical energy 3. converted into chemical energy |
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What is the 'dark reaction'?
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the calvin cycle
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What is the goal of the calvin cycle?
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to make sugar
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What is the most abundant protein in the world?
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Rubisco
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How many times does the Calvin cycle need to happen for one sugar molecule to be produced?
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6 times
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What is a calorie?
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the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
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What happens when oxygen is not present in glycolysis?
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fermentation
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What does fermentation do?
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releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP
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What are the wastes in alcoholic fermentation?
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ethyl alcohol and CO2
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What causes dough to rise?
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alcoholic fermentation
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What is the Krebs Cycle also known as?
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the citric acid cycle
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What is an organism that makes its own food called?
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autotroph
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What are organisms that obtain energy from foods they consume called?
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heterotrophs
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What is the difference between ADP and ATP?
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ADP stores energy and ATP releases it
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Who concluded that trees gain most of their mass from water?
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Jan van Helmont
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Who discovered that the plant releses oxygen?
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Joseph Priestly
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Who concluded that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen?
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Jan Ingenhousz
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Who concluded that plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
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Julius Robert Mayer
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Who 'discovered' the electron transport chain?
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Rudolph Marcus
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Who is responsible for the "hydrate" part of a carbohydrate?
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Jan van Helmont
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
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in the stroma
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What is the stroma?
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the fluid between granum
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What are three factors that affect photosynthesis?
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water, temperature, and intensity of light
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What 4 things are needed for photosynthesis?
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water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll
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What is the first proces in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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light absorption
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