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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
calorie
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is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
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glycolysis
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the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid
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cellular respiration
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the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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NAD
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an electron carrier
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fermentation
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releases energy from the food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
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anaerobic
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not in air (does nor require oxygen)
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aerobic
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requires oxygen
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krebs cycle
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second stage of cellular respiration( requires oxygen) during the krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extrecting reactions.
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electron transport chain
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uses high energy electrons from the krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP
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myocardium
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thick middle muscle layer of the heart that pumps blood throught the circulatory system
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atrium
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upper chamber of the heart that recieves and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
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ventricle
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lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
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pulmonery circulation
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pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs
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systemic circulation
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pathway of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs
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valves
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flaps of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood
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pacemaker
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small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that set the place for the heart as a whole
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aorta
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large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle
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arteries
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large blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
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capillary
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smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
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veins
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a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
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atheroscelerosis
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condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
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plasma
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straw colored fluifd that makes up about 55 percent of blood
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hemoglobin
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iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
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lymphocytes
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type of white blood cell that produces antibodies that help destoy pathogens
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platlet
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cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting
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lymph
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fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue
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pharynx
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muscular tube at the end of the throat that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
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trachea
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windpipe; tube through which air moves
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larynx
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structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
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bronchi
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passageway leading from the trache to the lung
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alveoli
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tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchiole in the lungs taht provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
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diaphragm
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large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
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nicotine
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stimulant drug in tobacco that increases heart rate and blood pressure
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emphysema
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disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticty making breathing very difficult
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