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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
calorie
is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
glycolysis
the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid
cellular respiration
the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
NAD
an electron carrier
fermentation
releases energy from the food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
anaerobic
not in air (does nor require oxygen)
aerobic
requires oxygen
krebs cycle
second stage of cellular respiration( requires oxygen) during the krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extrecting reactions.
electron transport chain
uses high energy electrons from the krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP
myocardium
thick middle muscle layer of the heart that pumps blood throught the circulatory system
atrium
upper chamber of the heart that recieves and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
ventricle
lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
pulmonery circulation
pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs
systemic circulation
pathway of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs
valves
flaps of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood
pacemaker
small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that set the place for the heart as a whole
aorta
large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle
arteries
large blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
capillary
smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
veins
a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
atheroscelerosis
condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
plasma
straw colored fluifd that makes up about 55 percent of blood
hemoglobin
iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
lymphocytes
type of white blood cell that produces antibodies that help destoy pathogens
platlet
cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting
lymph
fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue
pharynx
muscular tube at the end of the throat that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
trachea
windpipe; tube through which air moves
larynx
structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
bronchi
passageway leading from the trache to the lung
alveoli
tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchiole in the lungs taht provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
diaphragm
large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
nicotine
stimulant drug in tobacco that increases heart rate and blood pressure
emphysema
disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticty making breathing very difficult