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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is leptin?
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A protein hormone produced by fat to signal sufficient calorie intake.
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Mutations in _______ gene can cause obesity in mice and humans.
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leptin
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Who described patterns of inheritance in pea plants?
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Gregor Mendel
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What is Mendel's Law of Segregration?
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Allele pairs seperate during gamete formation.
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What is Mende's Law of Independant Assortment?
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Each allele pair seperates independantly of each other peairs during gamete formation.
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What is a diploid cell?
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A cell containing 2 homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. 46 chromosomes.
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What is a halploid cell?
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A cell containing a single set of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes.
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What is a genotype?
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Refers to an individual's genes.
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What are alleles?
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Alternate forms of genes.
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What is an example of a homozygous dominant gene?
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EE
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What is an example of a homozygous recessive gene?
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ee
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What is an example of a heterozygous gene?
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Ee
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What is a phenotype?
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Refers to an individual's physical appearance.
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Bad genes make abnormal _______.
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proteins
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What is a dominant allele?
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An allele that masks the expression of another allele. (A,B,C...)
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What is a recessive allele?
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An allele that is being masked by a dominant allele. (a, b, c...)
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What is an autosomal recessive disorder and what are some examples?
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Disorder is on the recessive allele. Person must have 2 recessive alleles to be affected. A person with a dominant and recessive allele is a carrier. EX/ Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fybrosis, PKU.
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What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
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Inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
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What is an autosomal dominant disorder? What are some examples?
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A disorder that is on the dominant allele. A person with one or two dominant alleles will be affected. A person with two recessive alleles will not be affected. EX/ Huntington's Disease, Myopia, Cleft Chin, Brachydactyly, Marfan's Syndrome.
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What is an X-Linked or Sex-Linked Recessive Disorder? What is an example?
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Disorder on the recessive allele on the X chromosome. Males are affected more than females. EX/ Colorblindness, Duchene muscular dystrophy, Hemophillia
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What is incomplete dominance? What is an example?
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Each genotype has a specific phenotype. EX/ Wavy hair.
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What is a sex-influenced trait?
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The trait is expressed differently in the two sexes, but not controlled by alleles on the sex chromosomes. Males, having the Y chromosome, is enough to influence the effect of male pattern baldness.
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What is Polygenic Inheritance? What are some examples?
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One trait is governed by two of more sets of alleles. EX/ Skin color, height, IQ, eye color...
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What is a karyotype?
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The particular array of chromosomes that an individual posseses, A display of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and shape.
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What is a sex chromosomal syndrome/ nondisjunction of sex chromosomes? What are some examples?
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During meiosis, the sex chromosomes fail to seperate correctly, abnormal sex chromosome number. EX/ Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Metafemale, Jacobs Syndrome.
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Somatic cells are _____ and have _____chromosomes in humans.
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diploid, 46
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Sex cells or gametes are ____ and have _____ chromosomes in humans.
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haploid, 23
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Genetic vatiation can be a product of:
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mutation and sexual reproduction
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Haploid gametes are formed through:
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meiosis
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In sexual reproduction, the chromosome number is reduced during:
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meiosis
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In sexual reproduction, gametes are:
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haploid
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In sexual reproduction, the zygote is:
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diploid
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What is Dystrophin?
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a protein found in normal muscle that is missing in muscle affected by some forms of muscular dystrophy.
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What is a Somatic cell?
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Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell that develops into a sperm or egg.
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