Bio Chapter 6

Front 1

chorionoc villi sampling

Back 1

where the doctor counts the chromosomes

Front 2

telophase

Back 2

chromosomes uncoil, new nuclear envolope forms, spindle fibers break down. MITOSIS IS COMPLETE!!!!!:)

Front 3

crossing over

Back 3

in the beginning of meiosis the pair of chromosomes are next to each other then exchange reciprical segments of dna.

Front 4

gene

Back 4

segment of DNA that transmits info from parent to offspring

Front 5

centromere

Back 5

The protein disk at The point where the two chromatids are atatched.

Front 6

microtubules extend which way?

Back 6

toward opposite poles of the cell.

Front 7

the two copis of each chromose are called________

Back 7

homologous chrommosomes

Front 8

duplication

Back 8

where the chromosome attaches to the homologues which carries 2 copies of that gene

Front 9

deletion

Back 9

when chromosomes break there is an absnce in the division and certain genes are lost

Front 10

metaphase

Back 10

chromosomes go to the center of the cell they are then held in place by the microtubles attached to the kineticore.

Front 11

prophase

Back 11

chromosomes begin to condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope begins to break down and the spindle fibers become visible.

Front 12

Trisomy

Back 12

when a diploid cell has an extra chromosome

Front 13

karyotope

Back 13

collection of chromosomes in an individuals cells.

Front 14

what is down syndrome technically?

Back 14

it is a trisomy of diploid number 21

Front 15

anaphase

Back 15

two chromatids seperate when the centromer splits. each cromatid is now a chromosome move toward opposite poles

Front 16

meiosis

Back 16

when the number of chromosomes is halved in cell division

Front 17

cytokenisis

Back 17

splits the two cells with a protein belt

Front 18

hapliod cell is differant from the diploid cell how?

Back 18

only one hmologue is found in each cell instead of two.

Front 19

diploid

Back 19

when a cell has 2 homologues of each chromosome

Front 20

in plants meiois often leads to_______

Back 20

spores, which lead to the production of gametes

Front 21

meiosis 1

Back 21

homologues seperate into 2 cells.

Front 22

how many homologues do you get from each parent?

Back 22

1

Front 23

chromosome

Back 23

rod shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its offiliated particle are coild before cell division

Front 24

meiosis 2

Back 24

th2 2 cromatids in of each chromosome seperate into 2 haploid cells.

Front 25

how many chromosomes does the human cell have?

Back 25

23 which make 46 chromatids

Front 26

explain kineticore

Back 26

when the chromosomes are condensing more microtubuals come from the centromere this area is called the kineticore and it is a platform that assemble the microtubuals.

Front 27

metaphase 1 meiosis

Back 27

homologues are moved bby spindle fibers to "the equator" of the cell.

Front 28

what determines a boy? a girl?

Back 28

presence of y, no presnece of y

Front 29

Meiosis 11

Back 29

chromosomes dont replicate but divede at the centromeres,(difference from mitosis**)

Front 30

Prophase 1 Meiosis

Back 30

homologues pair up and cross-over

Front 31

skipping replication

Back 31

because there is only one replication but 2 divisions in meiosis the number of chromosomes is halved.

Front 32

anaphase1 meiosis

Back 32

homologues seperate the chromosomes are pulles apart to the opposite poles. DIFF: the chromosomes don't seperate at the centromeres therefore nondisjuction can occur

Front 33

what causes trisomy?

Back 33

nondisjunction- 1 new cell recieves 2 chromosomes and the other recieves none:(

Front 34

chromatids

Back 34

form prior to cell division when the DNA molecule duplicates itself to insure that the 1st and 2nd are identical.

Front 35

telophase1

Back 35

chromosomes gather at the pole, cytoplasm splits them but now there are half as many chromosomes in the cell as in the original. giving this the name Reduction division

Front 36

translocation

Back 36

the fragment grabs a nonhomologuous chromosome

Front 37

sex chromosome

Back 37

the chromosome that determine one sex x or y

Front 38

G1
S
G2
M
C

Back 38

cell growth
dna copied
growth and preperation
mitosis
cytokenesis

Front 39

gametes refer to what?

Back 39

the use of egg cells for reproduction

Front 40

anaphase2

Back 40

centromeres divide chromosomes move two opposite poles.

Meiosis 2 is followed by cytokenisis where the new enveloes form

Front 41

binary fission

Back 41

a sexual reproduction that causes identicaloffspring

Front 42

crossing over can form what?

Back 42

genetic recombinations or making new combinations of the genes when they trade. then they dont have identical DNA anymore.

Front 43

summarize cell cycle.

Back 43

G1-> S->G2-> M-> C

Front 44

what happens during binary fission

Back 44

a bacterium makes a copy of its DNA and formd a new membrane and cell wll. then the cell splits into two

Front 45

The life of a eukaryotic cell is traditionally diagramed as what?

Back 45

cell cycle: a repeating sequence of growth an division through which many kinds of eukaryotic cells pass.

Front 46

cytokinesis

Back 46

when the cytoplasm divides

Front 47

haploid cells come together to form what?

Back 47

a diploid zygote or a fertilized egg

Front 48

what is DNA?

Back 48

a long molecule that controls functions and heredity. It coils tightly and duplicates to form chromosomes before cell division.

Front 49

the gsgmc is all the what?

Back 49

Interphase

Front 50

amneosentesis__

Back 50

amnioticwhere a doctor removes fluid from a pregnant woman to make a karyotype

Front 51

spindle fiber

Back 51

the cable that helps m,ove the chromosomes apart and is made of microtubuals in the g2 phase these are reassmbled

Front 52

true false, # of chromosomes in the cell is the same for all species

Back 52

FALSE!!!!

Front 53

mutations

Back 53

changes in the genetic material.

Front 54

inversion

Back 54

old fragment reatatches to the new one in an inverse orientation