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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Energy |
The capacity to do work |
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Potential energy |
Stored energy |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy of motion |
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Calorie |
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
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Kilocalories |
Caloric value of food; 1,000 calories |
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Energy laws |
Govern energy flow and help us understand the principles of energy conversion |
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What are the laws of thermodynamics? |
1.) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. 2.) Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy |
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Heat |
Diffuse energy and the least usable form |
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Entropy |
The relative amount of disorganization |
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Enzymes |
Protein molecules that function as organic catalysts to speed chemical reactions |
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Substrates |
Molecules acted on by an enzyme |
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Active site |
The part of the enzyme that accommodates the substrate |
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Induced fit model |
Change in the shape of an enzymes active site that enhances the fit between the active site and its substrates |
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Enzyme inhibition |
Occurs when an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate |
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Feedback inhibition |
Regulates metabolic pathways keeping the concentration of the product within a certain range |
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Energy of activation |
The energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another |
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Diffusion |
Passive transport; movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Solution |
Contains both a dilute and a solvent |
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Solute |
Substance dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution; usually solids or gases |
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Solvent |
Liquid portion of a solution that dissolves a solute |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell along a concentration gradient by a process that requires a carrier |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Isotonic solution |
The concentration of water is the same on both sides of the membrane; the cell neither gains nor loses water |
Iso, same as |
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Hypotonic solution |
Outside the cell, the concentration of solute is less, and the concentration of water is greater, than inside the cell; the cell gains water |
Hypo, less than |
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Hypertonic solution |
Outside the cell, the concentration of solute is higher, and the concentration of water is lower, than inside the cell; the cell loses water |
Hyper, more than |
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Active transport |
Molecules or ions move through the plasma membrane, accumulating on one side of the cell |
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Sodium potassium pump |
Carrier protein that moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into animal cells; important in nerve and muscle cells |
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Exocytosis |
Bulk transport; an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicles contents are released outside the cell |
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Endocytosis |
Cells take in substances by vesicle formation |
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Phagocytosis |
Process by which amoeboid cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole |
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Pinocytosis |
Occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or around very small particles |
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
Selective uptake of molecules into a cell after they bind to specific receptor proteins |
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