Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Nutrition
|
process of consuming and using food and nutrients
|
|
|
Nutrient
|
any substance consumed by an animal that is needed for survival, growth, development, tissue repair, or reproduction
|
|
|
5 categories of organic nutrients that animals require
|
Carbohydrates
Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Vitamins |
|
|
Inorganic nutrients required by animals
|
Water and minerals
|
|
|
Essential Nutrients
|
Certain compounds cannot be synthesized from any ingested or stored precursor molecule – must be obtained in diet
4 groups Essential amino acids Essential fatty acids Vitamins Minerals |
|
|
Essential amino acids
|
8 required by many animals
Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine Cannot be synthesized by animal’s cells Are not stored Carnivores and omnivores readily obtain all 8 in meat Most plants do not contain every essential amino acid in sufficient quantity |
|
|
Mouth
|
Moisten and lubricate food to facilitate swallowing
Dissolve food particles to facilitate taste Kill ingested bacteria Initiate digestion of polysaccharides with amylase (not very important |
|
|
Stomach
|
Hydrochloric acid – kills microbes, dissolves particulate matter
Pepsinogen – converted to pepsin to begin protein digestion No lipid or carbohydrate digestion |
|
|
Pancreas
|
Secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ion rich fluid
Bicarbonate neutralizes acidic stomach chyme as it enters small intestine |
|
|
Liver
|
site of bile production
Bile contains bicarbonate ions (neutralize acids), bile salts (solubilize fat) Bile stored in gallbladder |
|
|
Large Intestines
|
Primary function to store and concentrate fecal matter and absorb some salt and water
|
|
|
Colon
|
Ascending, transverse, and descending
|
