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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What phyla are vertabrates in
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chordates
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What is unique about chordates
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they have a notochord, hollow nerve cord , pharyngeal slits or clefts and a muscular post anal tail
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What are the three phyla in Chordata
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Cephalochordata and Urochordata and Echinodermata
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What does the notochord do
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it provides skeletal support
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How does the Hollow nerve chord develop
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from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube located dorsal to the notochord
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What does the nerve chord develop into
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the central nervous system
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What do Pharyngeal slits do
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they allow water to pass out o the body and for some have evolved into a feeding mechanism for tetrapods they are the ears
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What phyla are tunicates in
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Urochordata
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When do tunicates resemble chordates
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during the larval stage
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What is the common name for cephalochordata
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lanclets
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Do lanclets loose their chordate traits in adult hood like the tunacits
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no
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What are somites
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blockes of muscle
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What is an evolved form of chordates
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the chraniates they have s skull
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What makes the chraniates unique
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they have two clusters hox genes and a neutral crest
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What does two clusters of hox genes allow the crainiates that one does not allow the one hox gene of the chordates
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more morphologies
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What is the neutral chrest
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it is a collection of cells that helps make things in the bocy like bones in the skull and the dermis
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Where are the phayrengeal slits in the craniates
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they have evolved into gil slits which pump water
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What are th differences between the craniates and the tunicates
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Higher metabolism , muscles lining the digestive tract, heart with two chaimbers , red blood cells , hemaglobin and kidneys NO JAWS
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What is an example of a craniate
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the phyla myxini or hagfishes
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What is unique about hag fishes
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cartilagenous skull, lack jaws no vertibre
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What is the oldest living lineage of vertebrates
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lampreys
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How do lampreys get food
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they are paracites as larvae they are sedimnt feeders
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Describe the lamprey skeleton
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it is cartelagenous and follows the notochord
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What is a conodont
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it is an earyl jawed animal
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Gnathostome have working jaws
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true
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What is unique about Gnathostomes
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They have movable jaws
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What is anothe specia trait of gnathastomes besides the jaws
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They have four Hox genes they also have a bigger brain
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What is the importance of the lateral line system in gnathostomes
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it allows them to sense vibrations in the surrounding water
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What is the success of gnathostomes paired with
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their fins and tail allowed ten to swim better after prey their jaws allowed them to grab the prey
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What are two extinct species of gnathostomes
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the placoderms and the acanthodians
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What type of animals are the chondrichthyans
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Gnathostomes
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What is unique about the chondrichthyans
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they have a skeleton predominantly composed of cartilage
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What is the purpose of a spiral valve in Chondrichthyans
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it isa corkskrew shaped ridge that prolonges digestion
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What is the difference between oviparous and ovoviviparous
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oviparous lay eggs that hatch outside the body
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What is viviparous
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the young develop in the uterus and obtain nourishment prior to birth through the mother
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Where does the sharks waste exit
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the cloaca
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What are the phyla that fit into the rayfinned and lobefinned fish
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actinopterygii, Actinistia , and Dipnoi these are all osteichthyans
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What is unique about the Osteichthyans
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they have ossified bony skelitons
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What is the protective flap that covers the gills
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the operculum
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How do most Osteichthyans control their boyancy
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swim bladders
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What is the common name for Actinopterygii
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rayfinned fish
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What is unique about ray finned fish
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The fins were modified for moving defense and other functions and they started in fresh water
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What is the specific name for lobe finned fish
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sarcopterygii
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What is unique about lobe finned fish
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they hav erod shape bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle in their pectoral and pelvic fins they probably used the fins to walk
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What did the lobe finned fish lead to
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the lung fish
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What are tetrapods
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Gnathostomes with four feet
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What is the phyla amphibians
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tetrapods
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What is the larval stage of a frog
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the tadpole
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How do amphibians fertilaze their eggs
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outside the body
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WHat is a problem with amphibans eggs
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they lack a shell and cannot dry out
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What type of animals are amniotes
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reptiles(birds) Mammals
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What is the major characteristics of amniotes
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they have and amniotic egg which contains special membranes that protect the egg
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Are the extraembryonic membranes part of the embryo
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no
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WHat are th functions of the extraembryonic membranes
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gas exchange waste storage and transfer of stored nutrients to the embryo
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What does the amnion do
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it absorbes shock
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What is the purpose of the shell
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to slow dehydration
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What are the sub phyla in reptile
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Lepidosaurs, Turtles, Alligators and Crocodiles, and Birds
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What is unique about reptiles
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they have scales made of keritin
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Most lizards are viviparous
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true
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How do reptiles get heat
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they are ectothermic
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Are all reptiles ectothermic
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no birds are endothermic
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What are parareptiles
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the first reptiles large stock and herbivores
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What is in the clade Lepidosaurs
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lizards
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What is the most numerous type of reptile
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the lizards and snakes
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What are bird feathers made of
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B Keratin
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WHat is the problem with flying
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it wastes alot of energy
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What adaptations do birds have to get rid of heat
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they have a four chambered heart to circulate nurients and they have
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What does the order ratites contain
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flightless birds
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What is unique about mammals
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they are ammniotes that have hair and produce milk
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Mammals belong to a group called the synapsids what is unique about the synapsids
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they have a hole behind the eye socket on each side of the skull
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What happened in mammals to two of the bones that where naturally the jaw
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they turned into the middle ear
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What is special about monotremes
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they are mammals that lay eggs
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What is in the subphyla mammals
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monotremes marsupials and Eutherians
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WHat is the placenta
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it transfers nutrients into the embryo
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What is unique about marsupials
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their offspring crawls from the reproductive tract into the marsupium (pouch)
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What made the split between marsupials and Eutherians
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the split of pangea
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What is the common name for EUtherians
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placental mammals
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What is unique about the Eutherians
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the young developes in the uterus
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What is the sub phyla that people are in
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primates
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What is unique about primates
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they have feet adapted for grasping flat nales large brain short jaws movable thumbs
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What is in the phyla anthropoids
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monkeys and apes
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What is the difference between new world and old world monkeys
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new world is tree dweling
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What are the hominoids
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apes
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What are the cousins that lead to humans in order
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lemurs(Lorises)(Pottos), Tarsiers, New world, Old world, gibbons, orangatanges, gorillas , and chimps
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