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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic features of Nematodes?
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they are more commonly known as flatworms.
no circulatory system, no segmentation, They have an exoskeleton similar to Arthropods which molts. ex: Hookworms, Heartworms |
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What are the basic features of Arthropods?
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Most succesful group of animals on the planet.
Segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages, molts its exoskeleton as it grows |
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Groups of Arthropods
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Cephalopoda- octopus, squid:large head
Gastropoda- Snail, slug Cheliceriformes- 8 legged, claw-like teeth. spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions Myriapods- centipedes, millipedes Insects- 6 legs, most common:grasshopper, butterfly, bee |
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Phylum Echinodermata
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Pentameral symmetry.
sessile marine animals. water vascular system. larvae have bilateral symmetry closest relation to chordates |
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Describe the four defining features of chordates
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Notochord-flexible rod
Dorsal hollow nerve chord Muscular post-anal tail- tail which extends past anus. Phayngeal gill slits- slits for breathing on side of throat. These four characteristics only have to be seen at some stage of development, not throughout lifetime. |
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Why are Lancelets interesting animals in terms of animal evolution? Describe their general features.
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They are one of the first backboned creatures. filter feeders. still have some structures similair to fish. They are shaped like a pencil and borrow through soil using their muscles.
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Why are Tunicates interesting animals in terms of animal evolution? Describe their general features.
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Recently believed to be more closely related to animals than lancelets. Only looks like vertabrate in its developing stage. adult stage resembles jellyfish. have different genetic controls than most other chordates.
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Describe the hagfish. What features do each poses that helps us place them on the phylogenetics tree of chordates?
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Hagfish- lack jaws and have skulls made of cartilage. feed on dead animals. entirely marine and very snake-like in structure.
Due to their lack of jaws and a vertebral column they are placed below the group chondricthyes. |
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Describe the Lamprey. What features do each poses that helps us place them on the phylogenetics tree of chordates?
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Lamprey- has circles of teeth which hook onto prey. parasitic nature and can grow quite long
Placed lower due to body plan. oldest living lineage of vertebrates |
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What is the lateral line system? What kinds of animals use this system?
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k
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Describe the general features of chondrichthyans
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means "cartilage fish"
generally fast powerful swimmers. some are suspension feeders and others carnivores. Lack lungs no swim bladder rows of teeth good sense of smell/movement |
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the following modes of giving birth: oviparous, ovoviparous, and viviparous.
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Oviparous- eggs which hatch outside the mothers body.
ovoviparous- retain fertilized eggs in oviduct viviparous-young develop in uterus and obtain noursihment prior to birth through placenta. |
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How are bony fish different than chondrichthyans?
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have an actual skeleton made out of bone.
they can move water through gills have a swim bladder some have small lungs |
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What are tetrapods?
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name means "four feet"
developed from lobed fish into creatures with four legs. this allowed for movement onto land. head is seperated from body by neck retain many fish like body parts |
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Why is Acanthostega an important fossil for our understanding of tetrapods?
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it is one of the first tetrapods to go back and forth between water and land. head and feet development
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What are the general features of amphibians
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live in and out of water.
some developed strong hind legs fertilization is external many require water areas to reproduce. |
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Describe the amniotic egg. Why was its evolution an important adaptation for land?
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An external egg which devloped in reptilies.
has four layers of membrane. holds an embryo, a yolk, a shell, and various membranes important because it allowed reproduction completely on land. also developed internal fertilization |
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What animals are referred to as amniotes? Aside from the amniotic egg, what other features helped them thrive on land?
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reptiles are known as the amniotes. They have tougher skin which helps alot in water retention.
internal fertilization. use the heat to regulate body temp. |
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Define ectothermic. What are the advantages?
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Absorb external heat as main source of body heat. requires much less energy and therefore less food to survive.
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Define endothermic. What are the advantages?
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produce own body heat as main source.
Maintain own heat survive in colder temperatures grow larger\ develop faster |
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What adaptations have birds acquired that make them better suited for flight?
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Hollow bones
no teeth feathers no claws on wings smaller tail |
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What features were found in synapids? Which ones are reptilian-like and which ones are mammalian-like?
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mammalian traits-
small and developed hair high metabolic rate ear bone development Reptilian traits- laid eggs many were small and hairless |
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Discuss the features that define monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians.
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Monotremes- egg laying mammals. only five species left alive
Marsupials-have a pouch, young born very early and finish development outside of mother. found only in australia, north and south america. Eutherians- placental animals, longer pregnancies, most diverse group of mammals. |
