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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do animals differ from plants and fungi
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animals cannot construct all of their own food and most animals use enzymes to digest food only after they have ingested it
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What do animals lack that plants and fungi contain
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cell wals
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What are animal bodies held together by
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structural proteins mostly collagen
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What are the three types of intercellular tissue that animals contain
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tight junctions desmosomes and gap junctions
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What are two specalized cell types only found in aminals
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muscle cell and nerve cells
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The haploid stage in dominant in animals
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false
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What is cleavage
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A succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between cell devisions
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What does the cleavage lead to
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the formation of a multicellular blastula
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Describe the process the blastula goes through in order to move to the next stage
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gastrulation the layers of embryonic tissues that will develop into adult body parts are produced after this process a gastrula is formed
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What is a larva
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a sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage
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How does the larva turn into an adult
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Metamorphois
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In animals what gene during the development controls the expression of other genes
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Hox genes
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What is the common ancestor of all animals
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a colonial flagellated protist
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What are the first fossils called
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Ediacaran fauna
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When did the animal population emerge
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in the early Cambrian period of the Paleozoic era
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What are the ideas behind the Cambrian Explosion
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1) New methods in predation which generated new species through natural selection
2)Higher oxygen levels supported bigger creatures 3)The development of the HOX gene |
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When where the first arthropods found
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Cambrian period
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What two lineages of early vertebrates still survive today
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1) Amphibians( frogs and salamanders)
2) Amniotes(reptiles and mamals) |
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What happened in the Mesozoic Era
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Animals began to spread in their nitches. coral reefs were found , wings, dinosaurs, first tiny nocternal mamals
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What happened in the early Cenozoic Era
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mass extinctions due to land freezing over
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What happened in the late Cenozoic Era
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1)Mamals took over the niches left by extinct animals
2) The climate cooled |
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What is a grade
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a group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity
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Is the grade the same as the clade
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no
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What are the germ layers
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Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm
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What does Ectodem do
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makes the outer covering as well as the nervous system
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What does the Endoderm do
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It is the innermost germ layer makes the digestive tube or archenteron and makes everything else responsible for digestion
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If you have two germ layers you are
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diploblastic
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What are some common diploblasts
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cnidarians and comb jellies
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What is the third germ layer and what does it do
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mesoderm which is in the middle and this makes muscles and other organs between the digestive tract and the outer covering of the animal
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When you are triploblastic what do you have
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mesoderm
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What is a fluid filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall
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a body cavity or the coelom
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What is the purpose of coelom
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it is mesentery and it suspends the internal organs
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If you posess true coelom what are you
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a coelomate
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If you are a triploblast and do not have a body cavity covered in mesoderm what are you
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pseudocoelomate
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If you are a triploblas and lack coelom altogether what are you
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acoelomate
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What are the two developnamtal modes
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protostome or deuterostome
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What is characteristic in protostome development
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a spiral cleavage
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What is determinante cleavage
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cleavage that determines the developmental fate of each embryonic cell
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What kind of cleavage is found in deuterostomes
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radial
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What is indeterminate cleavage
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each cell produced by cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
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Are human determinate or indeterminate and how do we know this
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indeterminate
the development of twins and stem cells |
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WHat is schizoxoelous development
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when solid masses of mesoderm split and form the coelomic cavity as the archenteron forms
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What is it called when the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and that caity becomes the coelom
what type of development is this characteristic of |
enterocoelous and deuterstome
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What is the blastopore
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It is the indentation that leads to the formation of the archenteron (the first opening)
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in the protostome which is first mouth or anus
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mouth
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In the deuterstome which is first mouth or anus
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anus
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How many phyla are there
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35
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