Bio Chapter 27&28

Front 1

Asexual Reproduction

Back 1

The production of offspring whose genes all come from one parent

Front 2

Sexual Reproduction

Back 2

The creation of offspring by the fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote

Front 3

Sperm

Back 3

The male gamete

Front 4

Ovum

Back 4

The female gamete

Front 5

External fertilization

Back 5

formation of the zygote outside of the body

Front 6

Internal fertilization

Back 6

formation of the zygote inside of the body.

Front 7

Copulation

Back 7

sexual intercourse, main method of internal fertilization

Front 8

Follicles

Back 8

Cells that contain Ova

Front 9

Embryo

Back 9

the stage of development from the point of the first division until body structures begin to appear

Front 10

Spermatogenesis

Back 10

The form of meiosis that occurs to form the male gamete, sperm

Front 11

Oogenesis

Back 11

The form of meiosis that occurs to form the female gamete, Ova

Front 12

Ovarian/Menstrual Cycle

Back 12

The process the female body goes through monthly in preparation for fertilization

Front 13

Acrosome

Back 13

The head of a sperm cell containing enzymes used to penetrate the ovum

Front 14

fertilization envelope

Back 14

After the egg becomes fertilized, the jelly coat hardens and seperates from the plasma membrane, forming the fertilization envelope

Front 15

Cleavage

Back 15

The rapid succession of cell divisions that produces a ball of cells after fertilization

Front 16

Blastocoel

Back 16

A fluid filled cavity that forms in the center of the embryo

Front 17

Blastula

Back 17

The hollow ball of cells formed during cleavage

Front 18

Gastrulation

Back 18

A process that adds more cells to the embryo and creates distinct cell layers.

Front 19

Gastrula

Back 19

A three layered embryo. Contains ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm tissue.

Front 20

Central Nervous System

Back 20

the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Front 21

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 21

the part of the nervous system make up of communication lines that bring signals in and out of the central nervous system

Front 22

Sensory Neurons

Back 22

Neurons that convey signals from sensory receptors into the central nervous system

Front 23

Interneurons

Back 23

Neurons that integrate data and relay data to other interneurons or motor neurons

Front 24

Motor Neurons

Back 24

function in motor output, actually putting signals into action.

Front 25

Dendrites

Back 25

sites on a neuron where signals are recieved

Front 26

Axons

Back 26

sites on a neuron where signals are sent out

Front 27

supporting cells

Back 27

cells that protect and insulate neurons

Front 28

nodes of ranvier

Back 28

spaces between supporting cells, only points where signals can be transmitted

Front 29

resting potential

Back 29

voltage at which neuron is inactive

Front 30

threshold potential

Back 30

the highest voltage at which a neuron can still be inactive

Front 31

stimulus

Back 31

anything that causes a nerve signal to be generated

Front 32

action potential

Back 32

the voltage at which the neuron spurs into action

Front 33

synaptic cleft

Back 33

the space between the synaptic knob and the receiving neuron, secretes neurotransmitters

Front 34

sensory division

Back 34

division of the peripheral nervous system that senses pain, other sensations

Front 35

motor division

Back 35

division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to skeletal muscles

Front 36

sympathetic division

Back 36

division of autonomic nervous system that primes body for energy-consuming activities

Front 37

parasympathetic division

Back 37

division of autonomic nervous system that primes body for digestion and resting