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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the first Cells?
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1. bacteria
2. prokaryotes |
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What is cyanobacteria?
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-one of early bacteria
-photosynthetic -important=released oxygen into the atmosphere |
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2 Kingdoms of Bacteria:
Eubacteria |
-cause disease and decay
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2 Kingdoms of Bacteria:
Archaebacteria |
-different structures
-different ways of making protein from DNA -appear to be the ancestors of all eukaryotic cells many books refer to these 2 kingdoms together as one kingdom: monera's (monerans) |
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Protist
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-new organism that developed 1.5 billion years ago
-first eukaryotes -first muchleus and DNA inside it |
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*6 Kingdoms of Living Organisms*
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1. archaebacteria
2. eubacteria 3. protista 4. fungi 5. plantae 6. animals |
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*Multicellular Organisms*
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*great step in evolution
*allowed for "division of labor" -cells became specialized *oldest multicellular fossil *630 millions years old *found in Australia |
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*Precambrian Era*
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*3.5 billion years ago to 600 million years ago
-"strip calander"-bottom of p.274-277 |
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*Cambrian Period*
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-600-500 million years ago
*time of great evolutionary experimentation -most of today's organisms orignated during this time span -tremendous diversity of life |
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Mass Extinction:
*First One* |
*440 million years ago
*end of ordivician period *many life forms died |
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Mass Extinction:
*Second One* |
*360 million years ago
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Mass Extinction:
*Third One* |
*250 million years ago
*at end of Permean Period **greatest one *96% of all species died |
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Mass Extinction:
*Fourth One* |
*215 million years ago
*less devastating |
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Mass Extinction:
*Fifth One* |
*last one
*65 million years ago *2/3 of all land species died-including the dinosaurs |
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Resons for Mass Extinctions (Unclear)
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-massive climate or geologic changes
-another one may be happening now=why? |
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No Life on land for a long time
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-due to deadly rays of the sun
-slowly oxygen was being added to atmoshpere -ozone layer was created -acts as a shield and stops the ultraviolet sun rays -the land became safe |
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Plants and Fungi invade land
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-430 millions years ago
-a partnership between plants and fungi: mycorrhizae (mutualism) -sybiosis-need each other to live -plants=make food -fungi=anchor, absorbs water and minerals |
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arthropods invade the land
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-first animals on land
-scorpions, crabs, lobsters around 370 million years ago -insects evolved-very important -first animals to have wings -partnerships between insects and flowering plants have led to both of their successes |
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vertebrates invade land
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-animals w/ backbones
-vertebrate fish present in oceans since 550 million years ago -first land vertebrate=350 million years ago -first ones were amphibians -frogs, toads, salamandors |
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*Fish=first vertebrates*
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*jawless fish-sucker mouth
*450 million years ago -jaws evolve -430 million years ago -more efficent hunter |
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*2 groups of jawed fish*
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*sharks
*skeleton of cartilage *large fins *swim well *bony fish *skeleton of bone *swim well *swim bladder |
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amphibians invade land
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-350 million years ago
-still present today-outlasted dinosaurs *developed lungs, limbs, improved heart and circulatory system *not perfect land organism-they must return to water to reproduce and live in moist areas |
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*reptiles invade land*
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*they are "improved" amphibian
*watertight skin, watertight eggs, lay eggs on land -around 300 million years ago *reptiles became the dominant land animal *permean extinction killed most, but not all reptiles |
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Continental Drift
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-movement of earth's giant land masses causes earth's present day position of continents
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birds and mammals dominate earth
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-another major mass extinction killed most land animals bigger than a dog
-small reptiles, mammals, and bids survived -due to mass extinction there were many empty niches to be filled by mammals and birds |
