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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Avery’s experiments indicated that the genetic material of a cell is made of
DNA
A package of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat is a
virus
In their experiment, Hershey and Chase concluded that
genetic material enters a cell as DNA.
Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is composed of
a sugar called deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
Thymine and cytosine are examples of
nitrogenous bases.
What kind of bond joins the nucleotides in the backbone of a nucleic acid?
covalent bonds
The bases on one strand of DNA are CTAGAAC. The complementary section on the other strand of DNA is
GATCTTG
____________________ were the scientists who used X-ray crystallography to photograph DNA, revealing DNA’s helix shape
Griffith and Avery
The structure of DNA suggested to Watson and Crick that DNA is copied through
a template mechanism
DNA replication produces two new DNA molecules called
daughter molecules
DNA replication involves the enzymes called
DNA polymerases.
DNA replication occurs ____________________, ensuring that cells in a multicellular organism carry the same genetic information.
before a cell divides
The genotype of a eukaryotic organism is determined by
proteins
Each gene dictates the production of one
polypeptide
Transcription is the process of converting a nucleotide sequence of DNA into
a single strand of RNA.
The conversion of a sequence of RNA nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids is called
translation
mRNA directs the building of proteins through a sequence of
codons.
The codons of mRNA are translated to amino acids by
transfer RNA.
Any change in a nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a
mutation.