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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were two beliefs prior to Mendel's work?
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Blending and "Skipping Generations"
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What is the particular place a gene is on DNA?
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loci
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What is a gene's variation?
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allele [gene is hair color, allele is red hair, brown hair, blonde hair, etc.]
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What did Mendel work on?
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Pea plants
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What is probability?
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# of times an event occurs
______________________ # of times it could have occured |
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What is Data Triangulation?
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3 outcomes for us to make patterns
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What are Mendel's two famous principles?
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the Principle of Dominance and the Principle of Segregation of Alleles
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In which traits are proteins for that gene made?
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Dominant
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In which traits are proteins for that gene not made?
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Recessive
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What are two variations of gene inheritance?
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Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
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In codominance, how many dominant alleles are present?
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more than one
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What do anti-bodies attach to?
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antigens
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What is it called when the antigens clot?
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glutination
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What is the reason that all blood types can't give to each other?
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glutination
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What is a codiminant disease?
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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What are 5 examples of environment affecting gene expression?
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Skin Color, Vegetarions/enzymes for digestion of animal protein, Gender (in certain sea turtles), Hydrangea color due to soil acidity, Blue fish becoming yellow fish
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What does the temperature of the sand need to be for a sea turtle to be male?
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less than 29* C
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How many spots for melanin do skin-tone genes have?
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6
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What are the two types of chromosomes?
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Autosomal and Sex
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What is the gene that, when expressed, 'creates' a male?
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SRY gene
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What is a mutation that affects gender?
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nondisjunction
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What are two diseases that are caused by nondisjunction?
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Turner's disease and Klinefelter's disease
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What happens during Turner's disease?
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a sex chromosome isn't there, so gender goes into "default" mode [female], and the bodies don't reach physical maturity
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What is the genotype of Turner's disease?
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XO [O = nothing]
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What is the genotype of Klinefelter's disease?
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XXY
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What happens when there is a genotype of YO?
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disintegration of the egg and sperm before the mother even knows she's pregnant
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What happens when there is a genotype of XXX?
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so-called "super female" or "super x" [nothing physically wrong]
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What is an example of a sex-influenced trait?
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Male patterened baldness
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What is the genetic hierarchy called?
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Epistasis
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What is the study of heredity?
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Genetics
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What is producing offspring identical to yourself called?
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True-breeding
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What is the act of cutting off pollen-bearing parts and dusting on another plant's pollen?
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Cross-pollination
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What 7 traits did Mendel study?
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Seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, plant height
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What are offspring of crosses between parents of different traits called?
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Hybrids
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What are chemical factors that determine traits?
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Genes
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What does the princple of dominance state?
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Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive.
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What are sex cells called?
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Gametes
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When Mendel followed two different genes, what was it called?
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2 Factor Cross
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What is it called when alleles segregate independently?
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Indepentent assortment
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What is it called when both alleles attribute to phenotype?
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codominance
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Who researched fruit flies?
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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What is a picture of chromosomes paired up and cut out of mitosis "screen shots"?
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karyotype
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What is cystic fibrosis caused by?
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a Dominant gene
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What are the smallest autosomes?
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Chromosomes 21 and 22
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What is the disease where blood fails to clot?
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Hemophilia
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