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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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theory
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An explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations
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hypothesis
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A proposed explanation
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Cell
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A highly organized compartment that is bounded by a thin flexable structure called a plasma membrane and contains concentrated chemicals in a watery solution
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Prediction
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Something that can be measured and that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid
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Evolution
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Species are not independent and unchanging entities, but are related to one another and can change through time
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Natural Selection
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Process which individuals with certain heritable traits tend to produce surviving offspring, then leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the population
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Heritable
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Traits that can be passed on to offspring
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Population
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A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
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Fitness
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The ability of an individual to produce offspring
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Adaptation
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A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
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Speciation
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The evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species
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Tree of Life
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Family tree of organisms
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Taxonomy
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Name and classification of organisms
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Genus
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Made up of a group of species
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Species
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Made up of individuals that regularly breed together or have characteristics that are distinct from those of other species
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Two-part naming system for organisms
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Taxonomic Groups
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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Taxon
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Any named group of organisms at any level of the classification scale
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Eukaryotes
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Organisms with a nucleus
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Prokaryotes
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Organisms without a nucleus
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Phylogeny
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Evolutionary history of a group of organisms
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Phylogenetic Tree
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Diagram that depicts evolutionary history; shows relationships among species
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The 3 Domain
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Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
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Null Hypothesis
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Specifies what we should observe when the hypothesis being tested doesn't hold
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Louis Pasteur
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Proved that cells arise from cells and not by spontaneous generation
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Cell Theory
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All organisms are made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells
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Artificial Selection
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Individuals in a population are selected for mating based on particular trait
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Speciation
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Divergence process in which natural selection has caused populations of one species to diverge to form new specie
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Scientific Name
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Genus & Species
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Deduction
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Reasoning flows from general to specific
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