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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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Energy can be transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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Law of conservation of energy.
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
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The entropy of an isolated system never decreases.
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Chaos/less organized = more chaos.
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Entropy
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Gradual decline into disorder.
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Unorganized.
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Enzymes
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Biological catalysts.
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Think of substrates.
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Actives Site
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A small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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Enzymes need this.
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Substrate
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The substance in which an enzyme acts.
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Enzymes need this.
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Metabolism
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The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
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Needed to maintain life. Slow/fast.
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Synthesis
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The production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials.
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Producing.
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Decomposition
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The process of breaking down organic material.
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Opposite of synthesis.
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Biosynthesis
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A multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products.
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Converting.
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Oxidation
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The combination of oxygen with a substance.
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Oxygen.
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ATP
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A molecule used by cells to store energy.
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Storing.
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Digestion
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Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body.
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Absorbing food.
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Pepsin
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The chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides.
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Think of digestion.
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Small intestines
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The part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively.
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Aiding in digestion.
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Salivary amylase
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An enzyme in the saliva that converts starch into dextrin and maltose.
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Converts. Think of carbs/sugar.
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Lipase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids.
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Think of fats/lipids.
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Vili
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Any of numerous minute elongated projections set closely together on a surface, typically increasing its surface area for the absorption of substances, in particular.
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Think of digestion/absorbing. Long hairs.
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Heterotrophs
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An organism that obtains carbon compounds from other organisms.
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Animals, fungi, and most bacteria are examples.
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Autotrophs
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An organism that forms it's own food molecules (carbon compounds) from abiotic material.
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Plants, certain bacteria, and other organisms that capture energy from the sun are examples.
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Photoautotrophs
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An organism that derives energy from light and forms it's own organic compounds from abiotic carbon sources.
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Needs sunlight.
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Chemoautotrophs
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An organism that derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds.
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Common soil bacteria is an example.
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Cell respiration
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The series of chemical reactions by which a living cell breaks down carbohydrates and obtains energy from them.
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How cells make ATP
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Producers
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An autotroph; any organism that produces it's own food.
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Such as a forest or the ocean.
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Consumers
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A heterotroph; an organism that feeds on other organisms or on their organic wastes.
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For example, a tree on the forest or the seaweeds in an ocean capture energy from the sun.
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Decomposers
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An organism that lives on decaying organic material, from which it obtains energy and nutrients.
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Bacteria, fungi, and other heterotrophs are examples.
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Biotic
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Relating to a living component of an ecosystem.
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Animals, humans,
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Abiotic
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Referring to a physical or non living component of an ecosystem.
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Soil, minerals, water, and weather are examples.
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Ecosystem
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A biological community and it's abiotic environment.
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A forest, a pond, or a prairie are examples.
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Habitats
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Type of place where an organism lives.
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Different places in a pond.
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Biosphere
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The outer portion of earth--air, water, and soil-- where life is found.
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Some examples are coral reefs, deserts, marshes, and forests.
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Energy
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Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources.
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Light and heat
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Chemical energy
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Energy stored in the structure of molecules.
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Organisms can use some of this energy as it is released during chemical reactions.
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Free energy
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Energy that is available to do work.
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The energy plants use for growing and producing food.
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Heat energy
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A form of energy which transfers among particles in a substance by means of kinetic energy.
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Transfer of energy between systems.
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