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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Fungi:


-Reproduction?


-Cellularity?


-Specialized to ___ & _____ nutrients

-Asexual, sexual


-Multi & unicellular


-extract & absorb

Multicellular fungi consist of long, slender filaments called ________


– It may be: continuous or divided by septa


-What flows through it?


_____ – mass of connected hyphae


Fungal cell walls include ____

-Hyphae


-


-Cytoplasm


-Mycelium


-chitin

Hyphae may have 1+ nucleus


_____ = 1 nucleus


– _____= 2 nuclei

Monokaryotic


Dikaryotic

Nuclei may intermingle in cytoplasm of the fungal mycelium


_____= nuclei from genetically distinct individuals


– ________= nuclei are genetically similar to one another

-Heterokaryotic


Homokaryotic

Different types of mitosis


• Animals:


_____= nuclear envelope breaks down before chromosomes separate


• Fungi:


______= chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus

Open mitosis


Closed mitosis

Sexual reproduction
– Fusion of 2 haploid hyphae of compatible


mating types


May form mushrooms or ____


– Produce spores

-


-puffballs

Spores- most common means of


______ among fungi


• May form from ____ or _____ processes


• ____ dispersed

-reproduction


-sexual, asexual


-Wind

Nutrition:


• Obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes into _______


• Absorb the _______ molecules produced by this external digestion


– Great surface area-to-volume ratio


_______- derives nourishment from dead/ decaying organic matter

-surroundings


-organic


-


-Saprophytic

Zygomycota


• Incredibly diverse


• Not monophyletic


• Include the ________


• A few human _______

-common bread molds


-pathogens


Glomeromycota


• How big of a group?


• Form ______ associations with plant roots called arbuscular mycorrhizae


– Obligate symbiosis
• No evidence of _____ reproduction

-tiny


-intracellular


-sexual

Arbuscular mycorrhizae


• No _______ fruiting structures


• Potentially capable of increasing crop yields with lower phosphate & energy inputs

-aboveground

Basidiomycota


• Most familiar fungi


-Inlcudes:


• Impt plant pathogens like rusts & smuts

-Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, etc.

_____ – club-shaped sexual reproductive structure


_______occurs within basidia – Only diploid cell in life cycle


• Meiosis follows


• __ haploid products are incorporated into basidiospores

-Basidium


-Karyogamy


-Meiosis


-4

Ascomycota


• ~ ___% of known fungi


• Includes


• Penicillium- produces _____

-75


-bread yeasts, common molds, cup fungi, truffles, and morels


-penicillin

Ascomycota:


• _______ – microscopic, saclike reproductive structure

*

• Karyogamy occurs within _____


*

– Only diploid nucleus of life cycle


*

• Asci differentiate in _____


*

• Meiosis & mitosis follow, producing __ haploid nuclei that become walled ascospores

-Ascus


-asci


-ascocarp


-8

Yeast:


• ___cellular ascomycetes


• Most reproduce ____ by budding


• Yeasts can ferment carbohydrates


– Break down glucose into ethanol and CO2


– Used to make _____


-A long-standing model system for __ research

-Uni


-asexually


-bread, beer, and wine


-genetic

Chytridiomycota


• Chytridiomycetes or chytrids


• Where do they live?


- How to they move?


• Closely related to ancestral fungi


• Have motile ______


• Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in _____ die-offs

-aquatic places


-flagella


-zoospores


-amphibian

-Fungi symbioses


• ______ symbiosis – essential


_______symbiosis – nonessential


-Interactions


• ____ – harm host by causing disease


• ___- cause harm to host (do not cause disease)


• _____ relationships- benefit one partner but does not harm the other


• _______ relationships- benefit both partners

-Obligate


-Facultative


-Pathogen


-Parasites


-commensal


-Mutualistic

-Fungi are also important sources of food, ____, and other products for humans.


-Fungi have a unique_____ (n+n) stage in their life cycle


-Fungi are fully monophyletic?





-medicine


- dikaryotic


-no