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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fungi: -Reproduction? -Cellularity? -Specialized to ___ & _____ nutrients |
-Asexual, sexual -Multi & unicellular -extract & absorb |
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Multicellular fungi consist of long, slender filaments called ________ – It may be: continuous or divided by septa -What flows through it? _____ – mass of connected hyphae Fungal cell walls include ____ |
-Hyphae - -Cytoplasm -Mycelium -chitin |
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Hyphae may have 1+ nucleus – _____ = 1 nucleus – _____= 2 nuclei |
– Monokaryotic – Dikaryotic |
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Nuclei may intermingle in cytoplasm of the fungal mycelium –_____= nuclei from genetically distinct individuals – ________= nuclei are genetically similar to one another |
-Heterokaryotic Homokaryotic |
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Different types of mitosis • Animals: – _____= nuclear envelope breaks down before chromosomes separate • Fungi: – ______= chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus |
Open mitosis Closed mitosis |
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Sexual reproduction mating types May form mushrooms or ____ – Produce spores |
- -puffballs |
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Spores- most common means of ______ among fungi • May form from ____ or _____ processes • ____ dispersed |
-reproduction -sexual, asexual -Wind |
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Nutrition: • Obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes into _______ • Absorb the _______ molecules produced by this external digestion – Great surface area-to-volume ratio • _______- derives nourishment from dead/ decaying organic matter |
-surroundings -organic - -Saprophytic |
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Zygomycota • Incredibly diverse • Not monophyletic • Include the ________ • A few human _______ |
-common bread molds -pathogens |
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Glomeromycota • How big of a group? • Form ______ associations with plant roots called arbuscular mycorrhizae – Obligate symbiosis |
-tiny -intracellular -sexual |
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Arbuscular mycorrhizae • No _______ fruiting structures • Potentially capable of increasing crop yields with lower phosphate & energy inputs |
-aboveground |
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Basidiomycota • Most familiar fungi -Inlcudes: • Impt plant pathogens like rusts & smuts |
-Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, etc. |
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• _____ – club-shaped sexual reproductive structure • _______occurs within basidia – Only diploid cell in life cycle • Meiosis follows • __ haploid products are incorporated into basidiospores |
-Basidium -Karyogamy -Meiosis -4 |
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Ascomycota • ~ ___% of known fungi • Includes • Penicillium- produces _____ |
-75 -bread yeasts, common molds, cup fungi, truffles, and morels -penicillin |
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Ascomycota: • _______ – microscopic, saclike reproductive structure *• Karyogamy occurs within _____ * – Only diploid nucleus of life cycle * • Asci differentiate in _____ * • Meiosis & mitosis follow, producing __ haploid nuclei that become walled ascospores |
-Ascus -asci -ascocarp -8 |
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Yeast: • ___cellular ascomycetes • Most reproduce ____ by budding • Yeasts can ferment carbohydrates – Break down glucose into ethanol and CO2 – Used to make _____ -A long-standing model system for __ research |
-Uni -asexually -bread, beer, and wine -genetic |
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Chytridiomycota • Chytridiomycetes or chytrids • Where do they live? - How to they move? • Closely related to ancestral fungi • Have motile ______ • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in _____ die-offs |
-aquatic places -flagella -zoospores -amphibian |
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-Fungi symbioses • ______ symbiosis – essential • _______symbiosis – nonessential -Interactions • ____ – harm host by causing disease • ___- cause harm to host (do not cause disease) • _____ relationships- benefit one partner but does not harm the other • _______ relationships- benefit both partners |
-Obligate -Facultative -Pathogen -Parasites -commensal -Mutualistic |
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-Fungi are also important sources of food, ____, and other products for humans. -Fungi have a unique_____ (n+n) stage in their life cycle -Fungi are fully monophyletic?
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-medicine - dikaryotic -no |