Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Population genetics?
|
Study of genetic variation within populations
|
|
|
What is Population ?
|
Group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed with one another
|
|
|
What is Gene pool?
|
All the genes in a population
|
|
|
what is Allele?
|
a Form of a particular Gene That Determine the Trait.
|
|
|
what is Genotype?
|
Genetic composition of an individual
Two alleles, one from mom, one from dad |
|
|
what is Phenotype?
|
Characteristics of an organism that are the result of the expression of its genes
|
|
|
What is Polymorphism?
|
Display of Variant of traits within a population
|
|
|
What is polymorphic Gene?
|
Gene that has two or more alleles that make up more than 1% of the alleles in a population
|
|
|
What is Monomorphic gene?
|
Gene that has predominantly a single allele in the population, more than 99%
|
|
|
How do you Calc Allele Frequency?
|
Number of copies of a
specific allele (in a population) ____________________________ Total number of all alleles for that gene (in a population) |
|
|
How do you Calc Genotype frequency?
|
Number of individuals with a
particular genotype (in a population) ____________________________ Total number of individuals (in a population) |
|
|
What is Micro Evolution?
|
Change in a population over time
Change in frequencies of alleles in gene pool of a population |
|
|
Whats is Hardy-Weinberg equation?
|
Relates allele and genotype frequencies when they are not changing
|
|
|
Whats are the Conditions to reaching equilibrium
in Hardy-Weinberg equation |
large population, no random sampling error of allele frequencies
random mating no migration no natural selection no new mutations |
|
|
Whats is the Hardy-Weinberg equation
|
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
|
|
|
p + q =
|
1
|
|
|
(p + q)2
|
1
|
|
|
P is a Frequency of what trait?
|
A
|
|
|
q is a frequency of What trait?
|
a
|
|
|
What are Four Patterns of natural Selection?
|
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection Balancing selection Sexual selection |
|
|
What is Directional Selection?
|
Shift from on color to another
|
|
|
What is Stabilizing Selection?
|
instead of making too many or too less just making in the middle
|
|
|
What is Balancing Selection?
|
Type that maintain genetic diversity in a population.
|
|
|
What is Balancing selection, heterozygote advantage?
|
people Having Sickle Cells animea
|
|
|
What is Balancing selection, negative frequency-dependent?
|
common do reporduce while rare species do. due to preditor only eating on kind.
|
|
|
What two group Balancing selection have?
|
heterozygote advantage
negative frequency-dependent selection |
|
|
Whats two groups Sexual Selection Have?
|
intersexual selection
intrasexual selection |
|
|
What is intrasexual Selection?
|
Sexual selection between same sex
|
|
|
What is intersexual selection?
|
sexual selection between members of opposite sex
|
|
|
What is Random Genetic Drift?
|
Changes in allele frequencies due to “random sampling error”
|
|
|
What does Random Genetic Drift Depend on?
|
Population size
large long time short short time |
|
|
What is Bottleneck effect?
|
Caused by dramatic, largely random reduction in population size then rebounds
|
|
|
What is Founder effects?
|
new colony is started by a few members of the original population.
|
|
|
What is Gene Flow
|
– occurs when individuals migrate between different populations and cause changes in the genetic composition of the resulting populations
|
|
|
Whats is Assortative mating?
|
similar phenotypes
if similar genotypes, more homozygous |
|
|
What is Diassortative Mating?
|
more heterozygous
example: grasshopper Phaulacridium vittatum brown brown with white stripes |
