Bio Ch33 Exam 3

Front 1

porifera (sponges)

Back 1

lacks true tissues; have choanocytes (collar cells--flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food particles)

Front 2

cnidaria (hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals)

Back 2

unique stinging structures (nematocysts) housed in specialized cells (cnidocytes); diploblastic; radially symmetrical; gastrovascular cavity (digestive compartment with a single opening)

Front 3

platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Back 3

dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented acoelomates; gastrovascular cavity or no digestive tract

Front 4

rotifera (rotifers)

Back 4

pseudocoelomates with alimentary canal (digestive tube with mouth and anus); jaws (trophi) in pharynx; head with ciliated crown

Front 5

lophophorates: ectoprocta, brachiopoda

Back 5

coelomates with lophophores (feeding structures bearing ciliated tentacles)

Front 6

mollusca (clams, snails, squids)

Back 6

coelomates with three main body parts (muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle); coelom reduced; most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate

Front 7

annelida (segmented worms)

Back 7

coelomates with segmented body wall and internal organs (except digestive tract, which is unsegmented)

Front 8

nematoda (roundworms)

Back 8

cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system; undergo ecysis

Front 9

anthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)

Back 9

coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, and exoskeleton made of protein and chitin

Front 10

echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins)

Back 10

coelomates with bilaterally symmetrical larvae and five-part body organization as adults; unique water vascular system; endoskeleton

Front 11

chordata (lancelets, tunicates, vertebrates)

Back 11

coelomates with notochord; dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; post-anal tail

Front 12

mollusca

Back 12

soft bodies, most with shell protection

Front 13

mollusca

Back 13

distinctive body layout consisting of muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle (mantle cavity)

Front 14

radula

Back 14

specialized toothed structure in mollusca for scraping

Front 15

mollusca have this type of digestive system

Back 15

complete, mouth to anus

Front 16

circulatory system of fast-moving mollusca

Back 16

complete

Front 17

mollusca are dioecious meaning

Back 17

separate sexes for reproduction

Front 18

gastropods are this type of sex

Back 18

hermaphroditic

Front 19

trochophore

Back 19

cilitated larval stage for many molluscs

Front 20

four classes of mollusca

Back 20

polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda

Front 21

polyplacophora

Back 21

chitons

Front 22

gastropoda

Back 22

snails and slugs

Front 23

bivalvia

Back 23

clams, oysters, and other bivalves

Front 24

cephalopoda

Back 24

squids, octopuses, cuttlefish, and chambered nautiluses

Front 25

chitons have how many dorsal plates

Back 25

eight

Front 26

how do chitons eat

Back 26

radula scrapes algae off the rock surface

Front 27

chitons use what for circulation

Back 27

gills for gas exchange

Front 28

three-fourths of living molluscs are

Back 28

class gastropoda

Front 29

torsion

Back 29

visceral mass rotates during development

Front 30

where is the anus and mantle cavity located in gastropoda

Back 30

above head

Front 31

gastropoda have what type of external characteristic

Back 31

single, spiraled shell

Front 32

cephalization

Back 32

an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior end of the body

Front 33

gastropoda have cephalization meaning their

Back 33

eyes are on tentacles

Front 34

bivalves have a shell divided in ___________ joined by ______________

Back 34

2 parts, adductor muscles

Front 35

mantle cavity contains

Back 35

visceral mass and gills

Front 36

visceral mass function

Back 36

digestion, excretion, etc

Front 37

gills function

Back 37

used for respiration and food capture

Front 38

water enters bivalves via

Back 38

incurrent siphon

Front 39

water, waste pellets, and excretory waste exit bivalves via

Back 39

excurrent siphon

Front 40

transport route of water through bivalves

Back 40

incurrent siphon, passes over gills, food processed by digestive system, leaves by excurrent siphon

Front 41

bivalvia are missing these characteristics

Back 41

no distinct head and no radula

Front 42

bivalves are sedentary meaning

Back 42

attach to substrate, some move with foot, scallops swim

Front 43

which bivalves have eyes

Back 43

scallops

Front 44

cephalopoda are what type of -vores

Back 44

carnivores and active predators

Front 45

cephalopods have a modified foot called

Back 45

arms or tentacles

Front 46

the siphon of a cephalopods functions as

Back 46

movement and ink dispersal

Front 47

do cephalopods have shells

Back 47

most don't but some have rudimentary internal shell

Front 48

type of circulatory system in cephalopods

Back 48

closed with well-developed sense organs and complex brain

Front 49

where are toxins kept in cephalopods

Back 49

saliva

Front 50

group with most documented extinctions

Back 50

molluscs

Front 51

most threatened groups are

Back 51

freshwater bivalves and terrestrial gastropods

Front 52

threats to invertebrates

Back 52

habitat loss, pollution, and non-native species

Front 53

phylum annelida

Back 53

segmented worms; marine, damp terrestrial, freshwater habitats; coelomates; complete digestive and circulatory systems

Front 54

classes in phylum annelida

Back 54

polychaeta and oligochaeta

Front 55

polychaeta habitat

Back 55

marine

Front 56

parapodia, in polychaeta, means

Back 56

paddle-like structures associated with segments used for locomotion and respiration

Front 57

oligocheata contains

Back 57

earthworms and leeches in freshwater and moist terrestrial habitats

Front 58

chaetae

Back 58

relatively sparse in oligocheata used for locomotion

Front 59

what do earthworms eat

Back 59

soil

Front 60

earthworm benefits to humans

Back 60

aerate and fertilize soil

Front 61

earthworm muscle types

Back 61

longitudinal and circular muscles

Front 62

each segment of an earthworm contains

Back 62

coelom

Front 63

how do earthworms reproduce

Back 63

hermaphrodites by cross-fertilization: sperm travel to seminal receptacles, clitellum slides down bringing eggs in contact with sperm and surrounds eggs in cocoon

Front 64

some earthworms reproduce asexually by

Back 64

fragmentation

Front 65

leeches are these two types in regards to eating

Back 65

predators and parasites that suck blood

Front 66

what do leeches secrete

Back 66

anesthetic and the anticoagulant hirudin

Front 67

medical uses for leeches

Back 67

blood letting and reduce swelling

Front 68

eumetazoa-bilataria-ecdysozoa

Back 68

insects and nematodes

Front 69

ecdysozoa have a cuticle meaning

Back 69

tough outer layer

Front 70

molting

Back 70

insects shed cuticle for a new, larger one

Front 71

ecdysis

Back 71

process of molting

Front 72

two prominent of phyla of ecdysozoa

Back 72

nematoda and arthropoda

Front 73

nematoda is

Back 73

parasitic roundworms tapered at both ends consisting of most life forms on the ocean floor

Front 74

description of nematodes body, internally

Back 74

pseudocoelomates, complete digestive system, no circulatory system

Front 75

type of muscle in nematoda

Back 75

longitudinal

Front 76

nematode parasite causes trichinosis from

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undercooked pork

Front 77

nematode parasite causes ascaris from

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eggs in feces contaminated food

Front 78

nematode parasite causes elephantiasis from

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mosquito vector, blocks lymph node

Front 79

nematode parasite causes hookworms from

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feces contaminated dirt, larvae penetrate skin

Front 80

nematode parasite causes pinworms from

Back 80

ingestion of eggs, human to human infection

Front 81

nematode parasite causes cats and dogs from

Back 81

heartworms, mosquito vector

Front 82

two-thirds of known animals are

Back 82

arthropods

Front 83

arthropods have ______ appendages and this type of body

Back 83

jointed / segmented with exoskeleton

Front 84

tagmata

Back 84

segmented body

Front 85

tagma

Back 85

fused segments allowing for increased specialization and contributes to diverse and efficient body plans

Front 86

jointed appendages functions

Back 86

locomotion, feeding, sensory reception, reproduction, and defense

Front 87

exoskeleton of arthropods made of

Back 87

chiten and protein (calcium in some)

Front 88

purpose of exoskeleton

Back 88

protection, water retention

Front 89

arthropods have which circulatory system

Back 89

open, gas exchange direct to cells

Front 90

extinct lineage of arthropoda

Back 90

trilobites

Front 91

chelicerae

Back 91

claw-like feeding appendages, such as pincers or fangs

Front 92

marine forms of arthropoda

Back 92

horseshoe crabs and sea spiders

Front 93

most arthropoda are

Back 93

arachnids

Front 94

arachnids consist of

Back 94

spiders, mites, and scorpions

Front 95

body segments of arachnids

Back 95

abdomen and cephalothorax

Front 96

arachnids have 6 pairs of appendages called

Back 96

chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs

Front 97

respiratory organs of arachnids

Back 97

book lungs

Front 98

millipedes eat

Back 98

decaying matter

Front 99

centipedes are -vores

Back 99

carnivores

Front 100

legs on millipedes and centipedes

Back 100

milli- 2 pairs of legs per trunk segment
centi0 1 pair of legs per trunk segment

Front 101

hexapoda are

Back 101

insects and relatives

Front 102

insecta body segments

Back 102

head, thorax, and abdomen

Front 103

insects have ___ pair(s) of walking legs and ____ pair(s) of antennae

Back 103

3 / 1

Front 104

benefits of flying

Back 104

escape predators, find food, and disperse to new habitats faster than crawling organisms

Front 105

benefits of metamorphosis

Back 105

increase available resources, reduce competition with offspring

Front 106

two types of metamorphosis

Back 106

incomplete and complete

Front 107

incomplete metamorphosis

Back 107

young are nymphs (similar to adults) and adults are winged and able to reproduce

Front 108

complete metamorphosis

Back 108

young very different from adults and go through pupae stage

Front 109

insects reproduce by having ______ sexes

Back 109

separate

Front 110

insects impacting humans by

Back 110

beneficial pollinators and pest control but harmful as carriers of diseases or pests of crops

Front 111

crustaceans have _________ appendages used for

Back 111

branched; feeding and locomotion

Front 112

biramous

Back 112

branched appendages

Front 113

gas exchange in crustacean

Back 113

gills

Front 114

crustacean reproduce by having

Back 114

dioecious-separate sexes

Front 115

isopoda are

Back 115

terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species such as pill bigs (roly poly)

Front 116

decapods include

Back 116

lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and shrimp

Front 117

decapods have ___ pairs of walking legs

Back 117

5

Front 118

barnacles are

Back 118

a group of mostly sessile crustaceans

Front 119

types of crustacea that are a food source for many

Back 119

copepods and krill

Front 120

deuterostomia characteristics

Back 120

radial cleavage, anus, coelom, indeterminate embryonic cells

Front 121

phylum echinodermata include

Back 121

sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars

Front 122

phylum chordata include

Back 122

urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates

Front 123

water vascular system

Back 123

a network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet used by echinodermata

Front 124

tube feet

Back 124

function in locomotion and feeding

Front 125

symmetry of echinodermata

Back 125

radial with multiples of five, larvae have bilateral

Front 126

five classes of echinoderms

Back 126

asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, crinoidea, and holothuroidea

Front 127

asteroidea are

Back 127

sea stars with multiple arms radiating from central discs; tube feet; eat bivalves; power of regeneration

Front 128

ophiuroidea are

Back 128

brittle stars with a central disk with long, flexible arms

Front 129

echinoidea have spines for

Back 129

locomotion and protection

Front 130

crinoidea are

Back 130

sea lilies that are suspension feeders