Bio Ch.24: Fungi

Front 1

Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Back 1

Heterotrophic

Front 2

What is the study of fungi?

Back 2

Mychology

Front 3

What is Mycorrhizae?

Back 3

Symbiotic relationship formed between fungi and plants.

Fungi attaches to host plant, giving nutrients and water. Plant gives fungus carbohydrates from photosynthesis.

Front 4

What is Chitin?

Back 4

A fibrous substance forming the cell walls of fungi.

Front 5

What care Hyphae?

Back 5

Each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Front 6

How many species of fungi are there?

Back 6

100,000 known, probably more

Front 7

Is fungi more closely related to plants or animals?

Back 7

Animals.

Front 8

What is a mycelium?

Back 8

Mesh of branched filaments (hyphae).

Front 9

How does a fungus infect humans?

Back 9

The mycelium of the fungus can be pathogenic to humans. It enters through a cut or a scrap and develops of mycetoma, a chronic infection.

Front 10

How do fungi absorb nutrients?

Back 10

First, exoenzymes are transported out of the hyphae, where they process nutrients in the environment. Then, the smaller molecules produced by this external digestion are absorbed through the large surface area of the mycelium. As with animal cells, the polysaccharide of storage is glycogen, rather than starch, as found in plants.

Front 11

Back 11

Fungus hypha

Front 12

Where do fungi get most of their nutrients?

Back 12

Fungi are mostly saprobes organisms that get nutrients from dead decaying matter, mainly plant material

Front 13

What is a mushroom?

Back 13

A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

Front 14

Yeast

Back 14

Single-celled fungal infection typically on the skin or mucous membranes caused by candida.

Front 15

Fungal asexual reproduction

Back 15

Fungi can reproduce asexually by forming spores through mitosis

Front 16

Fungal sexual reproduction

Back 16

Fungi can reproduce sexually by fusion of haploid cells followed by meiosis

Front 17

Fungal sexual reproduction 2

Back 17

Plasmogamy: fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid cells. Karyogamy: fusion of the two nuclei to form diploid zygote.

Front 18

Chytridiomycota

Back 18

Chytridiomycota is a division in the kingdom Fungi. The name is derived from the Greek chytridion, meaning "little pot", describing the structure containing unreleased zoospores.

Oldest kind

Front 19

Zygomycota

Back 19

Lives in soil or decaying matter

Hyphae lack septae

Asexual reproduction thru spores

Sexual reproduction- two hyphae

Front 20

Classification

Back 20

Chytrids

Zygomycota

Ascomycota, Sac fungi

Basidiomycota, Club Fungi

Glomeromycota

Deutermycota

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Glomeromycota

Back 21

Glomeromycota is one of seven currently recognized divisions within the kingdom Fungi, with approximately 230 described species.

Front 22

Deuteromycota

Back 22

Unknown sexual reproduction

Known as mold

Fungus in roquefort and Camember cheese

Front 23

Mycorrhizae

Back 23

Fungus in or on tree roots

Front 24

Lichens

Back 24

Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium

Front 25

Endophytic fungi

Back 25

Fungi living in other organisms like grass, protecting them from predators

Front 26

What distinguishes fungal reproduction from that of plants and animals?

Back 26

There is no embryo produced when fungi reproduce.

Front 27

A zygospore undergoes _________ to produce haploid spores.

Back 27

meiosis

Front 28

Yeasts, truffles, and Dutch elm disease belong to which division of Fungi?

Back 28

Ascomycota

Front 29

The clublike structure producing the spores of typical mushrooms is called __________.

Back 29

Basidia

Front 30

A haploid asexual spore is formed by a haploid mycelium via ________.

Back 30

Mitosis

Front 31

What is the tangled mass of branched filaments that typically forms the fungal body?

Back 31

Mycelia

Front 32

The mushrooms on the pizza you might have eaten last night belong to the phylum:

Back 32

Basidiomycota

Front 33

During sexual reproduction in the Basidiomycota and the Ascomycota, _______ produces _______ spores, which give rise to a new mycelium.

Back 33

meiosis; haploid

During sexual reproduction, when DNA has been combined from two organisms, meiosis is required to reduce the number of chromosomes to give haploid spores which will produce a haploid mycelium

Front 34

The spores of chytrids are unique because they are:

Back 34

flagellated

Front 35

What is a zygospore?

Back 35

A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists.

Front 36

Mycorrhizae commonly involving Glomeromycetes in which the fungal hyphae penetrate the cell walls of the plant root cells (but not the cell membranes)?

Back 36

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Front 37

Symbiotic relationship in which one member benefits while the other member is not affected?

Back 37

Commensalism

Front 38

Reproductive sac that contains spores.

Back 38

sporangium

Front 39

Fusion of nuclei?

Back 39

Karyogamy

Front 40

What is mycosis?

Back 40

Fungal infection

Front 41

Mycorrhizae in which the fungal hyphae do not penetrate the root cells of the plant?

Back 41

Ectomycorrhizae

Front 42

Clusters of algal cells and mycelia that allow lichens to propagate.

Back 42

Soredia