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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system consisting of
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brain & spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system consisting of
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motor division (carries info from cns), sensory division (carries info to brain and spine)
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neurons
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cells made for communication
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sensory neurons (job)
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pns- take in information about senses, turn it into electrical impulses and send it to the cns
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interneurons (job)
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within cns- transmits between cns
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motor neurons
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pns- transmits away from cns to organs & tissues
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parts of neuron - cell body
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houses nucleus & organelles
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parts of neuron- axon
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long part, specialized to conduct electrical impulses
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sodium potassium pump
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controls cell volume by removing 3 sodium ions
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membrane potential - how much & what creates
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removal of ions makes cell have negative charge, -70 millivolts
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graded potentials - depolarize & hyperpolarize
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de- move closer to 0, hyper- make more negative, the changes in these two are graded pot.
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action potential
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sudden temporary reversal of voltage difference across cell membrane and moves across axon
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absolute refractory period
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when one action potential is happening, another can't simultaneously
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action potential involves 3 events
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depolarization, repolarization, reestablishment of resting potential
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neuroglial cells
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physical support and protection to neurons
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schwann cells
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specialized neuroglial cells that produce myelin
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myelin sheath
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protective, insulating layer around axon to save energy, speed up transmission of impulses, help damaged parts regenerate
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process of release of neurotransmitter
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impulse travels to end of axon bulb, calcium diffused, vesicles fuse with membrane , diffused across cleft to other membrane
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convergence vs. divergence
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con- one neuron receives impulse from many and then go to many others (div)
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nerve
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the axons of many neurons wrapped together in connective tissue
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cranial nerves
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12 pairs, connect to brain
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spinal nerves
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carries both sensory and motor
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somatic division
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controls voluntary & involuntary skeletal muscles
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autonomic division
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motor neurons carry info to all other tissue and muscles that allows automatic functions of organs, etc.
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spinal reflexes
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involuntary responses to stimuli monitored by spinal cord
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sympathetic division of motor neurons in the autonomic divison
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arouses the body for emergencies, fight or flight response
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parasympathetic division in the autonomic division
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brings body back to rest
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cns protected by 3:
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bone, connective tissue (meninges), cerebrospinal fluid (shock absorber & shields from infections)
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pons (in brain)
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connects spinal cord to higher brain functions
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cerebellum
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coordinates basic movements
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