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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Steps of Gas Exchange between Environment and Animal's Mitochondria |
- Ventilation (movement of air/water through specialized gas exchange organ) - Gas Exchange (Diffusion of O2/CO2 between are or water and the blood at the respiratory surface - Circulation - Cellular Respiration |
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Partial Pressure |
- pressure of a particular gas in a mixture of gases |
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Dalton's Law |
(O2% in the air) x (atmospheric pressure) = partial pressure of oxygen |
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Fick's Law |
- The rate of diffusion of gas depends on 5 parameters: 1) Solubility of the gas in the aqueous film lining the gas exchange surface 2) Temp. 3) Available surface area 4) Difference in partial pressure across the membrane 5) Thickness of the barrier to diffusion |
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Operculum |
- Stiff flap of tissue that covers the gills |
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Positive Pressure Ventilation |
- Push air into lungs - E.g. Frogs |
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Negative Pressure Ventilation |
- Pull air into lungs - E.g. Humans |
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Elements |
- Cells and cell fragments that make up the blood that is not plasma |
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Elements Platelets |
- Cell fragments that act to minimize blood loss from ruptured blood vessels |
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Elements White Blood Cells |
- Part of the immune system - Fights infection |
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Elements Red Blood Cells |
- Transport O2 from lungs to tissues - Plays a role in CO2 transport to lung - Lack nuclei and most major organelles - Have hemoglobin |
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Cooperative Binding |
- Oxygen binding to hemoglobin increases the affinity of hemoglobin for more oxygen |
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Carbonic Anhydrase |
- Catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water - Transport CO2 in the form of HCO3- in the plasma of blood |
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Arteries |
- Tough, thick walled vessels - Take blood away from the heart - Arterioles -> small arteries |
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Veins |
- Thin walled vessels - Return blood to the heart - Venules -> small veins |
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Atrium |
- Thin walled chamber in the heart - Receives blood |
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Ventricle |
- Thick walled chamber in the heart - Generates force to propel blood out of the heart and through the circulatory system |
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Pulmonary Circulation |
- Lower pressure circuit to and from the lungs |
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Systemic Circulation |
- Higher pressure circuit to and from the rest of the body |
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Blood is returned to the heart via... |
- The inferior and superior vena cava |
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Systole |
- Contraction phases of the atria |
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Diastole |
- Relaxation phase of the atria |
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Steps in Blood Circulation |
1) Enters Right atrium from vena cava 2) Enters right ventricle 3) Pumped to the lungs (Pulmonary C.) 4) Enters Left atrium 5) Enters left ventricle 4) Pumped to the rest of the body (Systemic C.) |
