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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sex chromosome
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the 2 unmatched chromosomes (females have XX, males have XY)
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nucleotide
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1 of the 4 nitrogen-containing bases that helps make up DNA: A,T,G,C
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autosome
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the other homologous chromosomes (as in the ones besides the 2 sex chromosomes)
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sex-linked trait
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a trat that controlled by a gene found of the sex chromosomes (ex: color blindness)
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transcription
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the copying of the genetic message of DNA into a molecule of RNA
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crossing-over
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segments of homologous chromatids are exchanged during meiosis; the offspring may then have a different phenotype from the parents
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helix
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the shape of DNA
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color blindness
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a condition in which the individual cannot perceive certain colors, usually red and green; females rarely suffer from it but may be carriers (have it on one X chromosome while the other X is normal), so much more males suffer from it
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tRNA
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brings a certain amino acid to a certain place specified by the mRNA
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mRNA
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copies the genetic sequence of DNA and transcribes it into RNA
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linkage group
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genes on the same chromosome are said to be linked, and there is one linkage group per chromosome pair
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codon
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group of 3 bases in mRNA that specifies an amino acid
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translation
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the process by which the information coded in RNA is used for the assembly of a particular amino acid sequence; protein synthesis
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multiple-gene inheritance
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when 2 or more independent genes affect one characteristic (ex: human height)
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intron
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a section of DNA that does NOT code for amino acids of a protein
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operon
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in prokaryotes, such as bacteria, an operon consists of the promoter, the operator, and their associated structural genes
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exon
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a segment of DNA that codes for amino acids that will become part of a protein
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homeotic gene
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genes that control key events in the development of a fruit fly by switching other genes on and off
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anticodon
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sequence of 3 bases in tRNA that are the complemets of the mRNA codon
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RNA
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single-stranded; bases: A,U,G,C; the sugar in it is ribose; it can travel out of the nucleus; it acts as a messenger
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deoxyribose
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the sugar that is found in DNA
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enhancer
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a section of DNA that controls the access of enzymes to their promoters
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oncogenes
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genes that cause some kinds of cancer; they're present in most cells but are usually switched off
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allele
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versions of a gene
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gene
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a section of DNA that codes for a certain trait
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