Bio Ch 26

Front 1

4 characteristics of land plants

Back 1

(1)waxy cuticle on aerial plants
(2)stomata facilitate gas exchange
(3)gametangia-multicellular sex organ
(4)fertilized egg develops into an embryo

Front 2

Alternation of generations

Back 2

gametophyte phase-haploid
sporophyte phase-diploid

Front 3

lignin

Back 3

strengthening polymer in the cell walls of cells that function for support and conduction.

Front 4

rhizoids

Back 4

hairlike absorbitive structures in mosses

Front 5

life cycle of mosses

Back 5

(1)moss plant bears its gametangia on top of the plant
(2)fertilization occurs when sperm cells fuse with the egg in the archegonium via water.
(3)the zygote grows by mitosis into an embryo
(4)the embryo develops into a mature moss sporophyte. sporophyte grows out on top of the gametophyte. the "capsule" contains sporogenous cells.
(5) sporogenous cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. the capsule opens and releases the spores.
(6) when a moss spore germinates it grows into a "protonema". This buds, each of which grows into a gametophyte.

haploid phase is dominant

Front 6

2 basic types of leaves

Back 6

microphyll: single vascular strand. evolved from stem tissue (enations).

megaphyll: evolved from stem branches.

Front 7

dichotomously branching stems

Back 7

stem has 2 branches of = size.

Front 8

life cycle of ferns

Back 8

(1) fern sporophyte consists of underground stem (rhizome) that bears leaves called "fronds". spores are produced on areas of the fronds which develop sporangia. clusters of sporangia are called "Sori"
(2)sporogenous cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.
(3) the sporangia open and free spores that grow by mitosis into gametophytes.
(4)the gametophyte or "prothallus" produces antheridium and archegonium
(5)zygote grows by mitosis into an embryo. the prothallus dies.

sporophyte phase is dominant

Front 9

heterospory

Back 9

2 different types of spores: microspores and megaspores.