Bio- Ch. 24

Front 1

root system functions

Back 1

anchor, absorb, store sugar, transport to shoots, hormones

Front 2

shoot system fucntions

Back 2

photosynthesis, transport (b/t leaves, flowers, fruits, roots), reproduction, hormone synthesis

Front 3

two types of flowering plants

Back 3

monocots: seeds w/ 1 leaf (grasses, lilies, orchids)
dicots: seeds w/ 2 leaves (branching, tree, bushes)

Front 4

two cell types

Back 4

meristem: undifferentiated, cell division, keep plant growing
differentiated: stable parts, cells w/ job

Front 5

meristem cells

Back 5

apical: located at end of roots and shoots
lateral: sides of roots and shoots

Front 6

two forms of plant growth

Back 6

primary and secondary

Front 7

primary growth

Back 7

division of apical meristem cells, followed by differentiation of daughter cells, growth in LENGTH AND DEPTH

Front 8

secondary growth

Back 8

division of lateral meristem, differentiation, growth in width/diameter

Front 9

3 plant tissues

Back 9

dermal (covering of body)
ground (most of young plant)
vascular (xylem and phloem)

Front 10

dermal tissue

Back 10

epiderm:outermost layer, covers (cuticle/root hairs)
periderm: replaces epidermal of woody plants as age (cork cells)

Front 11

cuticle/root hairs

cork cells

Back 11

cuticle:waxy substance to prevent water loss
root hairs:increase surface area --> more water absorbtion
cork cells:thick waterproof walls, bark = dead

Front 12

ground tissue

Back 12

all non dermal, non vascular
3 types: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Front 13

parenchyma

Back 13

most abundant, thin walled, alive, metobolic activity (photosynthesis/storage)

Front 14

collenchyma

Back 14

elongated cells w/ irregularly thick walls, alive, support

Front 15

sclerenchyma

Back 15

thick second wall, use lignin, dead, support

Front 16

vascular tissue

Back 16

xylem and phloem = transport everything

Front 17

xylem

Back 17

water and minerals from roots to shoots
2 cells: tracheids/vessel elements

Front 18

tracheids

Back 18

thin walled cells, slanted, overlapping pits --> tube

Front 19

vessel elements

Back 19

larger, open tubes after death

Front 20

phloem

Back 20

carries water/dissolved substances made by plant
made of seive tubes

Front 21

seive tubes

Back 21

strand of cells made by sieve tube elements
-ends connected by sieve plates (contain pores)
-companion cells: provide nourishment

Front 22

leaves

Back 22

major photosynthetic structure of plants
must balance need for surface area and need to keep water in

Front 23

2 parts of leaves

Back 23

blade and petiole

Front 24

blade

Back 24

broad, flat part, sun exposure, vascular bundles in veins

Front 25

petiole

Back 25

stem that attaches blade to shoot, carry vascular tissues

Front 26

terminal bud

Back 26

apical meristem surrounded by developing leaves

Front 27

daughter cells

Back 27

of apical meristem differentiate to form stem buds leaves and flowers

Front 28

lateral buds

Back 28

grow into branches

Front 29

internodes

Back 29

spaces b/t nodes

Front 30

4 types of tissue in young stems

Back 30

epidermis, vascular, cortex, pith

Front 31

epdermis

Back 31

cuticle and stomata (stop water loss while allowing CO2 to enter)

Front 32

cortex

Back 32

b/t epidermis and vascular tissue

Front 33

pith

Back 33

located inside vascular tissues at center of stem

Front 34

functions of cortex/pith

Back 34

support (fill w/ water --> turgor)
storage (store startch)
photosynthesis

Front 35

secondary growth in stems

Back 35

makes stronger
vascular cambrium/secondary xylem/phloem

Front 36

vascular cambrium

Back 36

produces secondary xylem/phloem
inner = xylme
outer = phloem

Front 37

young/old xylem

Back 37

young: sapwood (transports)
old: heartwood (strength of tree)

Front 38

secondary phloem

Back 38

weak, die when crused by xylem

Front 39

secondary growth -->

Back 39

epidermis replaced, lateral meristem (bark) instead

Front 40

primary root

Back 40

first root to develop from seed
taproot and fibrous root

Front 41

taproot roots

Back 41

dicot: carrot, grows larger and larger

Front 42

fibrous roots

Back 42

monocots: dies and replaced

Front 43

primary growth

Back 43

= elongation
root cap: protects apical meristem, thick cell walls, lubricant

Front 44

apical meristem in root

Back 44

produces: epidermis, vascular tissues, cortex

Front 45

cortex in root

Back 45

most of interior - beneath epidermis

Front 46

pericycle

Back 46

outermost layer of vascular tissue and remnant of meristem, can still divide